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Questions and Answers
What is the relationship between pressure drop and flow rate in a pipeline?
What is the relationship between pressure drop and flow rate in a pipeline?
What happens to electrical current when the resistance of a conductor increases, assuming constant voltage?
What happens to electrical current when the resistance of a conductor increases, assuming constant voltage?
Which material is considered a superconductor?
Which material is considered a superconductor?
In the formula $V = I \times R$, what does 'V' represent?
In the formula $V = I \times R$, what does 'V' represent?
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What is a characteristic of insulators in relation to electricity?
What is a characteristic of insulators in relation to electricity?
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What is the primary factor that increases the risk of electrical hazards in the workplace?
What is the primary factor that increases the risk of electrical hazards in the workplace?
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Which of the following best describes direct current?
Which of the following best describes direct current?
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Which procedure is crucial for controlling hazardous energy in the workplace?
Which procedure is crucial for controlling hazardous energy in the workplace?
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What is the main characteristic of alternating current?
What is the main characteristic of alternating current?
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Why is expert advice necessary for new electrical installations?
Why is expert advice necessary for new electrical installations?
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Study Notes
Electrical Hazards
- Electricity is a widely used, efficient, and convenient energy source, but potentially hazardous
- Electricity is used in all sectors: factories, workshops, laboratories, and offices
- Electrical work must be performed by competent personnel
- New installations require expert advice for design and equipment
- Electricity is the flow or movement of electrons
- Conductors allow electricity to flow
- Direct current (DC) involves a continuous flow of electrons
- Alternating current (AC) involves an oscillation of electrons
- The flow rate of water through a pipe can be likened to the flow of electricity through a conductor.
Principles of Electricity
- Ohm's Law: V = I x R (Voltage = Current x Resistance)
- Electrical Power (P) = V x I (Voltage x Current)
- Electrical resistance is measured in ohms
- The flow rate of electrical current (current) is measured in amperes (amps)
- Small currents are measured in milliamps
Electrical Hazards and Injuries
- Electricity is safe when handled correctly, but highly dangerous when mishandled.
- Principal hazards include: electric shock, electric burns, electrical fires, explosions, arcing, portable electrical equipment, and falls from heights
- Electric current flow is a determining factor in severity of injury
- Burns can be external or internal depending on the point of contact.
- Electric burns are slow to heal and can lead to permanent scars
Conductors and Insulators
- Metals, like copper, are good conductors of electricity.
- Water can be a conductor
- Insulators prevent the flow of electricity, examples include rubber, timber and plastics.
Electrical Equipment Components & Earthing
- Electrical circuits are formed of joined components
- A short circuit occurs when current flows directly to earth instead of the intended path, significantly reducing resistance
- Earthing is a process where a circuit's conductor is connected to the earth to provide a path for fault current, maintaining the supply
Portable Electrical Equipment
- Portable electrical equipment is prone to faults
- Possible faults include: damage to flexible cords, loose connections, defective plugs, damaged insulation material, usage by unqualified personnel, and inadequate maintenance.
- Safety precautions include appropriate preventative methods.
Safety by Design
- Electrical installations and equipment must be designed to withstand the expected load
- Electrical faults can be prevented using fuses and circuit breakers
Overfusing
- Using a fuse with a higher rating than the circuit it's protecting is dangerous.
- This allows for excessive current flow, endangering equipment and potentially causing electrical faults and fires.
Circuit Breaker
- Circuit breakers are mechanical or electrical switches that automatically disconnect a circuit when conditions become abnormal.
- The two main types of circuit breakers are thermal and magnetic
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)
- GCFI are electronic devices that quickly disconnect circuits in the case of current flowing to ground.
- They are used to prevent the dangers of accidental contact with a live wire.
Lockout Procedures
- Lockout procedures are implemented when inspecting or maintaining equipment.
- Equipment is de-energized and secured to prevent accidental re-energization.
- All relevant switches, circuit breakers, and other controls are locked off
- Personnel perform checks to verify the system is off.
- Lockout procedures ensure the safety of personnel and prevent equipment damage.
Static Electricity
- Static electricity is the buildup of electrons on insulators
- Static electricity can cause fires and explosions when in contact with flammable materials.
- Static can be controlled by bonding and grounding methods
- Increasing humidity can reduce chance of static buildup
- Flammable liquid transport requires bonding to reduce risk of sparking.
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Description
This quiz covers essential knowledge regarding electrical hazards, the principles of electricity, and the importance of conducting electrical work safely. You will explore key concepts such as Ohm's Law, current types, and safety precautions necessary when working with electricity. Test your understanding of electrical safety to ensure a secure working environment.
