Electrical Fundamentals Quiz

Electrical Fundamentals

Electric Charge

• Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter
• There are two types of electric charges: positive and negative
• Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract each other

Electric Current

• Electric current is the flow of electric charge
• Measured in amperes (A)
• Current flow is from positive to negative terminal

Electric Voltage

• Electric voltage is the potential difference between two points
• Measured in volts (V)
• Voltage is the driving force behind electric current

Resistance

• Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current
• Measured in ohms (Ω)
• Depends on the material, length, and cross-sectional area of the conductor

Ohm's Law

• Relates voltage, current, and resistance: V = I × R
• States that voltage is equal to the product of current and resistance

Basic Electrical Circuits

Series Circuit

• Components are connected one after the other
• Current flows through each component
• Total resistance is the sum of individual resistances

Parallel Circuit

• Components are connected between the same two points
• Current flows through each component independently
• Total resistance is less than the individual resistances

Short Circuit

• A circuit with zero resistance
• Results in excessive current flow and potential damage

Open Circuit

• A circuit with infinite resistance
• Results in no current flow

Basic Electrical Quantities

Power

• Measured in watts (W)
• Calculated as: P = V × I

Energy

• Measured in joules (J)
• Calculated as: E = P × t

Efficiency

• Ratio of output power to input power
• Calculated as: η = P_out / P_in

Electric Charge

• Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter
• There are two types of electric charges: positive and negative
• Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract each other

Electric Current

• Electric current is the flow of electric charge
• Measured in amperes (A)
• Current flow is from positive to negative terminal

Electric Voltage

• Electric voltage is the potential difference between two points
• Measured in volts (V)
• Voltage is the driving force behind electric current

Resistance

• Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current
• Measured in ohms (Ω)
• Depends on the material, length, and cross-sectional area of the conductor

Ohm's Law

• Relates voltage, current, and resistance: V = I × R
• States that voltage is equal to the product of current and resistance

Basic Electrical Circuits

Series Circuit

• Components are connected one after the other
• Current flows through each component
• Total resistance is the sum of individual resistances

Parallel Circuit

• Components are connected between the same two points
• Current flows through each component independently
• Total resistance is less than the individual resistances

Short Circuit

• A circuit with zero resistance
• Results in excessive current flow and potential damage

Open Circuit

• A circuit with infinite resistance
• Results in no current flow

Basic Electrical Quantities

Power

• Measured in watts (W)
• Calculated as: P = V × I

Energy

• Measured in joules (J)
• Calculated as: E = P × t

Efficiency

• Ratio of output power to input power
• Calculated as: η = P_out / P_in

Test your knowledge of electric charge, electric current, and electric voltage. Learn about the fundamental properties of matter, flow of electric charge, and potential difference between two points.