6 Questions
What is the fundamental property of matter that is responsible for electric phenomena?
Electric charge
What is the direction of electric current flow?
From positive to negative terminal
What is the unit of measurement for electric voltage?
Volts (V)
What is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance according to Ohm's Law?
V = I × R
What is the total resistance in a series circuit?
The sum of the individual resistances
What is the unit of measurement for electric power?
Watts (W)
Study Notes
Electrical Fundamentals
Electric Charge
- Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter
- There are two types of electric charges: positive and negative
- Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract each other
Electric Current
- Electric current is the flow of electric charge
- Measured in amperes (A)
- Current flow is from positive to negative terminal
Electric Voltage
- Electric voltage is the potential difference between two points
- Measured in volts (V)
- Voltage is the driving force behind electric current
Resistance
- Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current
- Measured in ohms (Ω)
- Depends on the material, length, and cross-sectional area of the conductor
Ohm's Law
- Relates voltage, current, and resistance: V = I × R
- States that voltage is equal to the product of current and resistance
Basic Electrical Circuits
Series Circuit
- Components are connected one after the other
- Current flows through each component
- Total resistance is the sum of individual resistances
Parallel Circuit
- Components are connected between the same two points
- Current flows through each component independently
- Total resistance is less than the individual resistances
Short Circuit
- A circuit with zero resistance
- Results in excessive current flow and potential damage
Open Circuit
- A circuit with infinite resistance
- Results in no current flow
Basic Electrical Quantities
Power
- Measured in watts (W)
- Calculated as: P = V × I
Energy
- Measured in joules (J)
- Calculated as: E = P × t
Efficiency
- Ratio of output power to input power
- Calculated as: η = P_out / P_in
Electric Charge
- Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter
- There are two types of electric charges: positive and negative
- Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract each other
Electric Current
- Electric current is the flow of electric charge
- Measured in amperes (A)
- Current flow is from positive to negative terminal
Electric Voltage
- Electric voltage is the potential difference between two points
- Measured in volts (V)
- Voltage is the driving force behind electric current
Resistance
- Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current
- Measured in ohms (Ω)
- Depends on the material, length, and cross-sectional area of the conductor
Ohm's Law
- Relates voltage, current, and resistance: V = I × R
- States that voltage is equal to the product of current and resistance
Basic Electrical Circuits
Series Circuit
- Components are connected one after the other
- Current flows through each component
- Total resistance is the sum of individual resistances
Parallel Circuit
- Components are connected between the same two points
- Current flows through each component independently
- Total resistance is less than the individual resistances
Short Circuit
- A circuit with zero resistance
- Results in excessive current flow and potential damage
Open Circuit
- A circuit with infinite resistance
- Results in no current flow
Basic Electrical Quantities
Power
- Measured in watts (W)
- Calculated as: P = V × I
Energy
- Measured in joules (J)
- Calculated as: E = P × t
Efficiency
- Ratio of output power to input power
- Calculated as: η = P_out / P_in
Test your knowledge of electric charge, electric current, and electric voltage. Learn about the fundamental properties of matter, flow of electric charge, and potential difference between two points.
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