20 Questions
What is the unit of current in the context of electricity?
Ampere
Which law describes the electrostatic attraction or repulsion between charges?
Coulomb’s Law
What does Ohm's Law state?
$V=I\cdot R$
What does resistance measure in an electrical circuit?
Opposition to current flow
What type of current is used for cutting in Electrosurgery?
Continuous, low voltage, high density
What is the frequency range at which the Electrosurgery Device operates?
500,000 - 1,000,000 Hz
What is the formula to calculate the heat produced in Electrosurgery?
$Heat Produced = \frac{Current^2}{Area}$
What is the purpose of a dispersive pad in Monopolar Electrosurgery?
To guide energy away from implants and devices
In Bipolar Electrosurgery, where does the current pass between?
Two forcep electrodes
What should be avoided during dispersion pad placement in Electrosurgery?
Placement on bony prominences, near implants/prosthesis, hairy areas, scarred/discolored tissue, or poorly perfused areas
What is recommended as a last resort to reduce electromagnetic interference in Electrosurgery?
Short, intermittent, and irregular monopolar bursts at lowest energy setting possible
What type of interference can be caused by the high frequency of an Electrosurgery Device?
Interference with other electrical equipment (EKG, pulse oximeters, electrical implants, computers)
What is the formula for calculating electrical power?
P=VxI
Which type of electricity has reversed polarity periodically?
Alternating current (AC)
What measures resistance created by leakage and unintentional grounding of lines in medical settings?
Line Isolation Monitor (LIM)
What are the three major mechanisms of electrical-induced injury?
Electroporation, conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy, and mechanical injury
What type of shock involves large amounts of current conducted through the patient's skin and tissues?
Macroshock
What affects the amount of current delivered in an electrical shock?
Skin impedance, moisture, and cannulation
What are the types of electrical circuits mentioned in the text?
Grounded circuit, ungrounded circuit, isolation transformer circuit
What measures set frequencies of AC electricity?
Frequency meter
Study Notes
Electrical Flow and Injury in Medical Settings
- Electrical flow is influenced by material properties, with insulators opposing the flow of electric charge and conductors permitting the flow.
- Electrical flow is delivered as direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC), with AC having reversed polarity periodically.
- AC electricity is delivered at set frequencies measured in hertz (Hz).
- Energy expenditure is measured by electrical power, which is calculated as P=VxI (watts = volts x amps).
- A typical electrical circuit consists of hot and neutral leads connected to a device with a ground lead for dissipation of leaked energy.
- There are different types of electrical circuits, including grounded, ungrounded, and isolation transformer circuits.
- A Line Isolation Monitor (LIM) measures resistance created by leakage and unintentional grounding of lines, with alarms set at >5 mA.
- Electrical shock occurs when a person completes an electrical circuit, and there are two types of shock: macroshock and microshock.
- Macroshock involves large amounts of current conducted through the patient's skin and tissues, with different effects at varying current intensities.
- Factors determining the degree of electrical injury include the amount of current, resistance encountered, voltage, current pathway, duration of contact, and type of current.
- The three major mechanisms of electrical-induced injury are electroporation, conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy, and mechanical injury.
- Skin impedance, moisture, and cannulation affect the amount of current delivered in a shock, and there are four categories of electrical injury: true, flash, flame, and lightning.
Test your knowledge of electrical flow and injury in medical settings with this quiz. Explore topics such as electrical circuits, types of shock, mechanisms of electrical-induced injury, and factors determining the degree of electrical injury.
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