Electrical Engineering Chapter 21
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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum allowable voltage loss in wires connecting equipment?

  • 0.2 volts
  • 0.5 volts (correct)
  • 2.0 volts
  • 1.0 volts

How often should physical inspections of the interlocking system be performed?

  • Annually (correct)
  • Monthly
  • Every five years
  • Every two years

Which class of surge protective device is recommended at the output of the power supply equipment?

  • Class C Type II (correct)
  • Class A Type I
  • Class B Type I
  • Class D Type III

What is the required minimum cross-sectional area for the earth wire used for EI?

<p>2 sq mm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of maintenance terminal is mentioned for the Electronic Interlocking System?

<p>Maintenance Terminal in signal Technician Duty room (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color indicates a Running signal?

<p>Red (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which light indicates that the Point is locked?

<p>Small white light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is used for the Shunt signal when it is OFF?

<p>Slanting white light strip (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the route is not set?

<p>Route indicator lamps shall be extinguished (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which indication shows that the track is occupied?

<p>Red light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color light indicates a Failure of the green signal?

<p>Flashing red light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the Crank Handle (CH) key is in Locked position, what is the light indication?

<p>Yellow steady light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the Calling ON status?

<p>Flashing white light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the yellow steady light indicate when the gate is closed?

<p>The gate is locked (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the required time for the emergency control from the control panel?

<p>120 seconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the gate slot is not taken back from the control panel?

<p>A yellow flashing light appears (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of indication should be provided at the corner of the control panel with an approved electronic flasher relay?

<p>Flashing white (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mid stroke point reversal preventing features in point control circuits?

<p>To prevent starting of operation when the point is under operation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not required for the clearing of shunt signals?

<p>Blanking ahead signals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes a sequential route release process?

<p>The event track circuit must drop before releasing the route. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum time for the sub route emergency cancellation?

<p>120 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which circuit types should not be provided in vital circuits?

<p>Common return circuits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is the point operation timer set for?

<p>10 seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of relays must be used for time elements according to the general requirements?

<p>Approved electronic time element relays (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the white indication for block central on the last stop signal?

<p>To alert that an absolute block system is in use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the release time for the CH emergency key?

<p>120 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long must the power failure alarm last for?

<p>5 seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the required action for the holding HR relay?

<p>It must be energized for 3 seconds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be met regarding the contacts of the approved electronic time element relays?

<p>There must be two contacts in series. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fire suppression system may be provided at stations with more than 100 routes?

<p>Automatic Fire Suppression System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a requirement for maintaining Electronic Interlocking (EI) installation?

<p>Approved guidelines must be followed during installation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using twisted input and output cables in EI installations?

<p>To minimize electromagnetic interference (EMI) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which testing method is performed at the factory for Electronic Interlocking systems?

<p>Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of surge protection device is indicated for use in Electronic Interlocking installations?

<p>Indicative type surge protection device (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be provided in the room where the Electronic Interlocking is installed?

<p>Air conditioning (AC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended practice when conducting testing for Electronic Interlocking?

<p>Utilizing computer simulation for efficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common practice to prevent damage from electrostatic discharges near electronic equipment?

<p>Providing electrostatic floor pads and hand bands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be met for the crank handle point key to be released?

<p>The signals must be set to ON Normal for at least 120 seconds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the blinking green LED indicate on the control panel?

<p>The EI system is healthy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the required action when emergency operations are initiated?

<p>The process must be a two-step process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential feature of the Central Control Circuits regarding cut operations?

<p>They must be designed to prevent false indications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following must be done after a time delay of at least 120 seconds during system startup?

<p>All signals and points must be unblocked. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the redundancy feature mentioned?

<p>To ensure reliability during failures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What problem does the central cut design aim to eliminate?

<p>False operation indications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is essential for ensuring the EI system's communication?

<p>Control panel with video display. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Permissive Signal

The signal that indicates a train is allowed to proceed at any speed, but not necessarily a full speed, is the Permissive signal. It is lit yellow.

Calling on Signal

A Yellow light, with a white center dot, indicates a Calling on Signal. This signal is used when a track circuit is occupied, and a train needs to call on the track. This signal ensures a train is present at the requesting track.

Point lock indication

A visual indication of the point lock is given by a small white light near the point or points button. This confirms the point is correctly set and locked for the intended route.

Track Circuit Indication

Track circuits, are used to detect if a track is occupied. A red light indicates the track is occupied.

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Track Circuit Indication

Red light when a track is occupied, and the light is not less than two lights. This visual indication prevents train collisions and ensures safe train operation.

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Route Indication

A white light, not less than two on each track, indicates a set route. This light confirms that the route for the train is ready, set, and locked.

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Signal failures

When a green signal fails, it flashes red, a blank red light indicates a failure of a red signal, and both green and red flashing lights indicate a failure of double fellow. This visual indication ensures safety by providing a warning to train operators.

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Signal Indication

A 'Stop' signal is red, and a 'Permissive' signal is yellow, these visual indications guide the train's speed and movement for safe operation.

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Yellow Steady Light - Gate Closed & Locked

A light that signals when the gate is closed and locked. This indicates that the gate is secure and should not be opened.

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Yellow Flashing Light - Gate Opening

A light that signals when the gate is in the process of opening. This indicates that the gate is responding to the release command but has not fully opened yet.

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Yellow Flashing Light - Gate Released But Not Open

A light that signals when a gate has been released for opening but is not yet fully open because the gate slot has not been taken back from the control panel.

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Red Steady Light - Gate Open

A light that signals when the gate is completely open. This indicates that the gate is safe to pass through.

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White Light - Emergency Control Available

A light that signals when a control key is released, meaning the emergency control is now available. This indicates that the control panel has been bypassed and the system is in emergency mode.

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Control Panel Indication Lamps

The control panel indication lamps use small, compact bulbs or LEDs to provide visual cues to the operator.

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Electronic Flasher Relay

A special type of electronic relay that is used to create a flashing white light on the control panel for certain conditions.

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Interlocking Circuit

The circuit design that prevents multiple routes from being selected simultaneously, ensuring safety and preventing conflicts.

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Point Isolation

The points, controlled by circuits, are separated by two tracks, allowing for independent control of each section.

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Point Central Cut Design

A safety mechanism designed to prevent unauthorized or accidental activation of points. It ensures that a point cannot be manipulated by an incorrect connection or a short circuit.

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Point Control Circuit Overload Protection

The control circuits for points have overload protection to safeguard against excessive current or power surges.

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Point Release after Time Delay

An emergency feature that releases the point lock after a 120-second delay when signals are put back to normal, allowing for manual unlocking in cases of route lock.

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Emergency Unlocking Button

A button used to trigger an emergency unlocking procedure in case of a key failure.

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Interlocking Control Protection Features

Safety features that are essential for proper operation of the internal and external cuts. These features are regulated to ensure safe and reliable control.

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Video Display Unit (VDU)

A video display unit used for monitoring and controlling the interlocking system.

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Redundancy in Key System

A redundant system involving multiple keys, contactors, and relay cards, ensuring the interlocking system remains operational even if one component fails.

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Latch Relay in Point Control Circuits

A device that allows points to be controlled by electrical signals.

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Mid-Stroke Point Reversal Preventing Features

A safety feature that prevents point operation if the point is already moving or being moved.

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Block Working Timer

A timer used in railway signaling systems to ensure a certain amount of time passes before a signal is cleared.

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Signal Overlap Release Timer

A timer that determines how long a signal remains active after it is called on.

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Emergency Route Cancellation Timer

A timer that determines how long a route remains active after an emergency signal has been activated.

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Point Operation Timer

A timer that determines the amount of time a point remains engaged after an operation signal is given.

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Point Failure Alarm Timer

A timer that triggers an alarm if a point fails to operate correctly.

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Time Element Relays

Relays that control the timing of electrical circuits and are used in railway signaling systems.

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EI Route Setting Type

A route setting type used in Electronic Interlocking (EI) where a dropdown menu or entry unit control allows for the operation of points independently.

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Factory Acceptance Test (FAT)

A physical test conducted at the factory to verify the functionality of the Electronic Interlocking (EI) system before installation.

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Site Acceptance Test (SAT)

A test involving the interconnection and verification of the Electronic Interlocking (EI) system at the actual site of installation.

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Twisted Cables in EI

The use of twisted input and output cables in Electronic Interlocking (EI) systems to minimize the impact of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues.

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Surge Protection in EI

The implementation of surge protection devices in Electronic Interlocking (EI) systems to prevent damage caused by voltage surges.

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Computer Simulation in EI Testing

The application of software simulations in testing Electronic Interlocking (EI) systems, allowing for faster and more efficient testing compared to traditional methods.

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Earthing Requirements for EI

A safety measure for EI building locations, ensuring that if a metallic structure is nearby, a separate Class A earthing system at the top of the EI room is not required.

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What types of tests are included in the site testing of an electronic interlocking system (EI)?

Logic interlocking testing checks the functionality of the interlocking system's logic circuits. Interface Equipment test verifies compatibility between the interlocking system and other equipment.

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What are the specific requirements for power supply in Electronic Interlocking (EI)?

The power supply for Electronic Interlocking (EI) must be separate and adequate. Wire size needs to be appropriate to minimize voltage loss, ideally no more than 0.5% voltage drop.

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What are the maintenance requirements for an Electronic Interlocking (EI) system?

Regular maintenance is crucial for an EI system. This includes physical inspections annually, system integrity tests every five years, or earlier if the interlocking has been altered.

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What is the purpose of an Electronic Interlocking System (EI)?

An Electronic Interlocking System (EI) is a crucial safety feature for rail operations. It ensures that only one route is set at a time, preventing collisions and accidents.

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What are the requirements for earthing in an Electronic Interlocking System (EI)?

Earthing for EI ensures electrical safety by providing a low-resistance path for fault currents. Earth wires must be a specific color (Green or Green/Yellow) and have a minimum cross-section area of 1.5 sq mm.

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Study Notes

Chapter 21: Relays & EI

  • Panel buttons have different colors for various signals
    • Running signal = Red
    • Shunt signal = Yellow
    • Calling on = Red with white dot
    • Enit button = White
    • Alternate Queradap = White with black dot
    • Alternate Renta = Grey
    • Point Slot = Black
    • Grank Handle = Blue
    • Point group = Black with red dot
  • Point slot is given by any two agencies
  • Paint indication:
    • White/Yellow/Green light near the point
    • Flashing during operations for correct positioning
    • Illuminated small white light near the point button for point locked indication
  • Route indication:
    • Route set and locked: White light (at least two) on each track section
    • Route not set: Route indicator lamps not lit
  • Signal indications:
    • Stop signal ON = Red
    • Permissive signal ON = Yellow
    • All signal aspects not available = Panel is not operational
  • Failure of signals:
    • Green = Green flashes, Red blank
    • Fellow = Green flashes, Red lit
    • Double yellow = Both Green and Red flashes
    • Red = Shunt signed "OFF"
    • Calling "ON" = "OFF!" = Blanting white light strip or two miniature lights on panel, white light on panel & miniature yellow at site
  • Track circuit indication:
    • Occupied track: Red light (at least two)
  • Approach track cut controlling calling on signal
    • Warning of approach track (audio & visual)
    • Signed time failure alarm
  • CH indications:
    • When CH key locked = Yellow steady
    • CH key released = Red Flashing
    • CH key entracted = Red steady
    • Emergency CH key release from control panel = Yellow flashing
  • Signal lock indication:
    • Gate closed and locked = Yellow steady
    • Gate slot released, but gate not open = Yellow flashing
    • Gate open = Red steady
  • The control panel indication lamps operate with 24V miniature lamps or light emitting diodes
  • Interlocking circuit requirements
    • Common return is not provided in a vital circuit
    • Using relays, the number of contacts cannot exceed 45 in series to avoid circuit issues
    • Use route interlocking circuits to link routes if necessary
  • Calling on signals with provisions for track cut
    • Indication lamps for signal ahead, if not required, not to be blank
  • Cleaning of points & signals
    • Provisions for cleaning circuits
    • Cleaning of points and signals
  • Different signal indications
  • Signal lock indication:
    • A white indication for the last stop signal when control panel is needed.
  • Block working built into EI for live clearing purposes (e.g., CTCF, TGT, TOL)
  • Timers for various signals based on different operations (e.g., main stop, sub-route, CH emergency key release, shunt signal, calling on signal, signal overlap, calling on initiation, calling on starter, opening of gate)
  • Point failure alarm, point operation timer, signal blank buzzer, panel button struck up alarm, HR relay de-energization, HR relay energized, central timer de-energization, power failure alarm
  • Relay (general requirements)
    • Use approved time element relays
    • Use two relays with series contacts for time release circuit
    • All relays (except track relay) need minimum 10% working contact
    • Wire connecting equipment to signals must avoid high voltage drops
  • Sealing of plug-in relays (metal to metal and metal to carbon)
  • Relay replacement times (track relay and live relay) using specific parameters (e.g., 19 years as per SEM, 25-30 years)
  • Wiring materials for relay installations (e.g., PVC insulated unarmoured cable) with different sizes
  • Rack to rack cabling
  • Following practices for internal wiring
    • Connections to plug-in modules will be non-praved
    • Flexible wire with specified sizes
  • Circuit breaker, lever locks for specified sizes
  • Relay racks with sufficient capacity
  • Fuse, terminals, and terminal links (e.g., cartridge type fuses)
    • Specific color codes for different ratings
  • AC provided in cases where more than 100 points
  • Protection for automatic fire suppression system and fire detection system
  • Electronic interlocking (EI) operations
    • Route setting type using drop-down entry
    • Proper record maintenance for stations, divisions, and headquarters
    • Installation of EI with approved guidelines and TAN
  • Application logic and inputs/outputs
  • Embedded block working in EI display
  • FRP insulated ladders
  • Electrostatic floor pads and hand bands
  • Room where EI is installed
  • Additional metallic structure protection requirements (e.g., separate class A at the top)
  • Testing of signals
    • Factory acceptance tests (FAT) and site acceptance tests (SAT)
    • Use of computer simulation software for testing (e.g., software for control tables and cross tables)
  • FAT and SAT
    • Includes logic and interlocking testing and interface equipment testing
  • Power supply
    • Separate external supply
  • Maintenance
    • Yearly physical inspection of system integrity
  • Electrical signaling cut
    • Responsibility of SSE/JE/FIG (up to 20 routes)
    • Other designations (e.g., Aste/DSTE) with responsibility for more than 20 routes
  • Lighting & surge protection for signaling equipment using Class B/Type-I, Class C/Type-II, and Class D/Type-III in different environments
  • Earthing requirements for signaling systems (e.g., minimum wire size)

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Ch 21 Relays and EI PDF

Description

This quiz covers Chapter 21 on relays and electrical indications. It focuses on color codes for panel buttons, signal indications, and routing indicators. Ensure you understand the significance of each color and signal for proper operational functionality.

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