44 Questions
Which of the following is the fundamental unit of matter?
Atom
What are the components of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
Which shell is located closest to the nucleus and has the highest energy level?
K shell
Which type of radiation is responsible for producing the majority of x-rays in a dental x-ray machine?
General radiation
What is the primary beam of x-rays often referred to as?
Useful beam
Which type of radiation is less penetrating than primary radiation?
Secondary radiation
What is the term used to describe x-radiation that has been deflected from its path by the interaction with matter?
Scatter radiation
Which interaction accounts for 30% of the interactions of the dental x-ray beam with matter?
Photoelectric effect
What does the Compton effect account for at the atomic level?
62% of the scatter radiation
What happens to a new, weaker x-ray photon after it undergoes Compton scatter?
It interacts with other atoms until all its energy is gone
Which shell requires more energy to remove an electron from, the K-shell or the M-shell?
K-shell
What is the simplest atom?
Hydrogen
What is the definition of a molecule?
Two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds
What happens to an atom when it gains or loses an electron?
It becomes a neutral atom
Which one of the following statements is true about wavelength and energy?
The shorter the wavelength, the higher the energy.
Which one of the following statements is true about frequency and wavelength?
Frequency and wavelength are inversely related.
Which one of the following statements is true about low-frequency electromagnetic radiations?
They have a long wavelength and less energy.
Which one of the following statements is true about high-frequency electromagnetic radiations?
They have a short wavelength and more energy.
Which type of electrical current describes the flow of electrons in one direction through a conductor?
Direct current (DC)
What is the measurement of the number of electrons moving through a conductor?
Amperage
What is the measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive one?
Voltage
Which transformer is used to decrease the voltage from the incoming line voltage to the 3 to 5 V used by the filament circuit?
Step-down transformer
Which interaction accounts for most of the scatter radiation at the atomic level?
Compton scatter
What percentage of the interactions of the dental x-ray beam with matter does the photoelectric effect account for?
30%
What happens to a new, weaker x-ray photon after it undergoes Compton scatter?
It interacts with other atoms until all its energy is gone
Which type of electrical current describes the flow of electrons in two opposite directions?
Alternating current (AC)
What is the measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive one?
Voltage
Which transformer is used to increase the voltage from the incoming line voltage to the 65,000 to 100,000 volts used by the high-voltage circuit?
Step-up transformer
What is the measurement of the number of electrons moving through a conductor?
Amperage
Which type of radiation is capable of producing ions by removing or adding an electron to an atom?
X-rays
What are cathode rays?
Streams of high-speed electrons that originate in an x-ray tube
What are protons?
Accelerated particles with a mass of 1 and a charge of +1
What are neutrons?
Accelerated particles with a mass of 1 and no electrical charge
Which one of the following is true about the components of an atom?
The atom consists of a central nucleus and orbiting electrons and neutrons
Which one of the following is true about the binding energy of an electron?
The binding energy is determined by the distance between the nucleus and the orbiting electron
Which one of the following is true about the shells of an atom?
The shells are designated with the letters K, L, M, N, O, P, and Q
Which one of the following statements is true about the x-ray tubehead?
The tubehead is a tightly sealed, heavy metal housing.
What is the purpose of the cathode in the x-ray tube?
To supply the electrons necessary to generate x-rays.
Which one of the following statements is true about the anode in the x-ray tube?
The anode dissipates the heat away from the tungsten target.
What is the purpose of the lead collimator in the x-ray tubehead?
To restrict the size of the x-ray beam.
Which type of radiation is responsible for producing the majority of x-rays in a dental x-ray machine?
Primary radiation
What is the term used to describe x-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter?
Secondary radiation
What is the term used to describe x-radiation that has been deflected from its path by the interaction with matter?
Scatter radiation
What is the term used to describe the sudden stopping of high-speed electrons when they hit the tungsten target in the anode?
General radiation
Test your knowledge on electrical currents and their types, including direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). Learn about the flow of electrons through conductors and how electricity is necessary for producing x-rays.
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