Electrical Currents Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the fundamental unit of matter?

  • Electron
  • Atom (correct)
  • Neutron
  • Proton

    • What is the maximum number of electrons that each shell in an atom can hold?

  • 18 (correct)
  • 8
  • 2
  • 32

    • What is the binding energy of an electron determined by?

  • The distance between the nucleus and the electron (correct)
  • The number of neutrons in the nucleus
  • The energy level of the shell
  • The number of protons in the nucleus

    • Which type of radiation is capable of ionization?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of a proton?

    <p>+1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the simplest atom?

    <p>Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy required to remove an electron from the M-shell?

    <p>3000 eV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interaction accounts for 30% of the interactions of the dental x-ray beam with matter?

    <p>Photoelectric effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of scatter radiation at the atomic level is accounted for by the Compton effect?

    <p>62%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interaction accounts for 62% of the scatter that occurs in dental x-rays?

    <p>Compton scatter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electrical current flows in one direction through a conductor?

    <p>Direct current (DC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measurement of the number of electrons moving through a conductor?

    <p>Amperage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive one?

    <p>Voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a step-up transformer in the production of dental x-rays?

    <p>To increase the voltage from the incoming line voltage to the high-voltage circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following statements is true about wavelength and energy of radiation?

    <p>The shorter the wavelength, the higher the energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does frequency refer to?

    <p>The number of wavelengths that pass a given point in a certain amount of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are frequency and wavelength related?

    <p>Frequency and wavelength are inversely related.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the energy of electromagnetic radiation?

    <p>High-frequency electromagnetic radiations have more energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation accounts for the majority of x-rays produced in a dental x-ray machine?

    <p>General radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the lead collimator in an x-ray tube?

    <p>To restrict the size of the x-ray beam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe x-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter?

    <p>Secondary radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which ionization takes place as a result of the total transfer of energy from an x-ray photon to the atoms of matter?

    <p>Photoelectric effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two particles make up the central nucleus of an atom?

    <p>Protons and neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which shell is located closest to the nucleus in an atom?

    <p>K shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the binding energy of an electron determined by?

    <p>The distance between the nucleus and the electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation is capable of ionizing atoms by removing or adding an electron?

    <p>X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of a neutron?

    <p>Neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which certain unstable atoms undergo spontaneous disintegration in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state?

    <p>Decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next called?

    <p>Wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interaction accounts for the majority of scatter radiation at the atomic level?

    <p>Compton scatter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of scatter radiation at the atomic level is accounted for by the Compton effect?

    <p>62%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which an x-ray photon transfers all its energy to eject an electron from its orbit?

    <p>Photoelectric effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component part of the x-ray tube is responsible for converting electrons into x-ray photons?

    <p>The positive anode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the tungsten filament in the negative cathode of the x-ray tube?

    <p>To supply the electrons necessary to generate x-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lead collimator in an x-ray tube?

    <p>To restrict the size of the x-ray beam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the insulating oil in the tubehead of the x-ray machine?

    <p>To prevent overheating by absorbing the heat created by the production of x-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation accounts for approximately 70% of the x-ray energy produced at the anode?

    <p>Primary radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe x-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter?

    <p>Secondary radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which ionization takes place as a result of the total transfer of energy from an x-ray photon to the atoms of matter?

    <p>Photoelectric effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe x-radiation that has been deflected from its path by the interaction with matter?

    <p>Scatter radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electrical current describes an electrical current in which the electrons flow in two, opposite directions?

    <p>Alternating current (AC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the step-down transformer in the production of dental x-rays?

    <p>To decrease the voltage from the incoming line voltage to the filament circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive one?

    <p>Voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the autotransformer in the production of dental x-rays?

    <p>To correct for minor fluctuations in the current</p> Signup and view all the answers

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