Electrical Components and Sensors Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What happens to the resistance of an NTC thermistor when the temperature increases?

Resistance increases

Resistance decreases (correct)

Resistance remains constant

Resistance fluctuates randomly

Which component in the circuit allows current to flow through the load when it gets dark?

LDR

Fixed resistor

Voltage divider

Transistor (correct)

How is a thermocouple used to measure temperature?

By generating a voltage when two metals are joined (correct)

By measuring resistance changes in a circuit

By utilizing a semiconductor material

By using a liquid to sense temperature changes

What is the primary use of a PTC thermistor?

Current limiting Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding light sensors constructed with LDRs?

They form a voltage divider with a fixed resistor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following devices is primarily used for feeding instructions to a computer?

Keyboard Signup and view all the answers

What type of output is most commonly generated for human consumption?

Visual and audio data Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a limit switch?

To detect the presence or absence of an object Signup and view all the answers

Which sensor type decreases its resistance as the amount of light increases?

Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mistake when implementing electrical components like switches?

Short circuiting the power supply Signup and view all the answers

Which device is specifically designed to interact with physical movement?

Push button Signup and view all the answers

What type of input device is recognized for its ability to measure environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity?

Environmental sensor Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would a single pole-double throw switch typically be used?

To control binary devices with two states Signup and view all the answers

What does the movement of the coil relative to the magnet generate?

Voltage proportional to the velocity of the movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following video modes is NOT supported by the PI Camera?

4K60 Signup and view all the answers

What are the two terminals of a Light Emitting Diode (LED) called?

Anode and Cathode Signup and view all the answers

Which type of buzzer emits sound as a result of piezoelectric vibration?

Piezoelectric buzzer Signup and view all the answers

What does the '16 × 2' in a 16 × 2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) indicate?

16 characters per line in 2 lines Signup and view all the answers

What materials are used in Type J thermocouples?

Iron and Constantan Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum temperature range for Type E thermocouples?

+900°C Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sensor measures the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure?

Gauge pressure sensor Signup and view all the answers

How does a strain gauge measure strain?

By changes in electrical resistance Signup and view all the answers

What principle does a piezoresistive strain gauge operate on?

Electrical resistance changes due to deformation Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of force sensors?

Converting weight into electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

Which type of thermocouple has the broadest temperature range?

Type K Signup and view all the answers

What type of output signal do pressure sensors produce?

A signal proportional to the applied pressure Signup and view all the answers

What principle does the piezoelectric sensor utilize to convert mechanical stress into an electrical charge?

The piezoelectric effect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Hall effect sensors is accurate?

They produce a voltage difference known as Hall voltage. Signup and view all the answers

How do ultrasonic sensors determine the distance to an object?

By calculating the time it takes for emitted sound waves to return. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sensor is specifically designed to detect changes in acceleration?

Accelerometer Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a rotary encoder?

To detect rotational position and speed Signup and view all the answers

What component is typically used in sound sensors to translate sound into electrical signals?

Diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a velocity sensor?

It responds to the rate of movement rather than absolute position. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of rotary encoders?

Incremental and Absolute Signup and view all the answers

What does torque represent in a physical system?

The rotational equivalent of a linear force Signup and view all the answers

How can gear ratios affect torque?

They can convert one set of rotational speed and torque to another Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM)?

To control the average power delivered to an electrical load Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sensor is designed to measure pressure, altitude, and temperature?

SPI Pressure Sensor Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the duration that a switch is 'ON' increases in a PWM signal?

The average power supplied to the load increases Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates a 2-Axis Gyroscope from a 3-Axis Gyroscope?

The number of dimensions in which movement is measured Signup and view all the answers

Which component is commonly controlled using PWM signals?

LED brightness Signup and view all the answers

What mathematical relationship expresses the calculation of torque?

$M = F * D$ Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

ECOR1044: Devices

The course covers implementation, input, and output devices.

Implementation: Electrical Connectors

Subtopic of Implementation covers various electrical connectors.
Includes: Pressure Fit Connectors, Marrette Connectors, Spade Connectors, and Terminal Block Connectors.

Implementation: Wire Gauges

AWG (American Wire Gauge) is used to denote wire sizes.
The table gives diameter, area, resistance per 1000 ft, resistance per km, max current, and frequency for 100% skin depth for various AWG numbers (0000 to 21).
- Figures for these parameters are included in the slides.

Implementation: Crimping

Crimping is a joining technique using a crimping tool.
Images of crimped connectors and crimping tool are included.

Implementation: Heat Shrink

Heat shrink is a method of insulation/protection using heat-shrinkable tubing.
A heat gun is used for this process.

Implementation: Boards

The subtopic covers different types of circuit boards used in electronic applications.
Includes: Solderless Breadboard, Stripboard and Printed Circuit Board.

Implementation: Soldering

Soldering joins metal items by melting filler metal into the joint.
Filler metal has a low melting point.
Used for creating permanent mechanical and electrical connections.
The slides include instructions for soldering including, soldering iron, solder, and components of soldering.

Device Types: Analog Devices

Analog devices utilize analog signals.
To use analog devices with a Raspberry Pi, the input should be converted into a digital signal.
- An external ADC (analog-to-digital converter) can be used to convert a 0-3.3 V or 0 - 5 V analog signal.

Device Types: Digital Devices

Digital devices employ digital signals.
Often use a built-in ADC.
Usually easier to interface with Raspberry Pi.

I/O Devices: Sensors

This topic covers the main types of input-output (I/O) devices commonly used with sensors:
- Mechanical Devices
- Position
- Distance
- Stress
- Acceleration
- Rotation
- Environmental factors:
  - Temperature
  - Humidity
  - Pressure
  - Light
  - Sound

Input Device: Single Pole-Single Throw Switch; Single Pole-Double Throw Switch

These are standard electrical switches with images of their physical designs and diagrams of their internal functions to show their use as input devices.

Basic Electrical: Caution

Ensure that you do not create a short circuit when connecting electronic devices, especially to power supplies.

Input Device: Push Button

Acts as a momentary switch when pressed.
When pressed voltage on one side of the button will match the other.

Input Device: Limit Switch

Used to detect the presence or absence of an object.
Commonly used in applications where motion or position limits need to be determined.
Its internal workings are shown with images and diagrams.

Input Device: Light Sensors: LDR

Measures the amount of light.
Includes the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) with how they function.
Their internal workings are presented with schematic and graphical displays.
Resistance decreases with light intensity increases, and vice versa.

Input Device: Temperature Sensors

Various types of temperature sensors are displayed.
Measures air, liquid, or solid temperatures.
Different technologies produce different types of sensors.
These are illustrated with examples.
- Graphs of RTD, thermistor, and thermocouple behaviors are included.

Input Device: Strain Gauges

Measures changes in electrical resistance in response to applied strain.
Explained with graphs and physical examples.
Measures how the object deforms based on conductance principles..

Input Device: Force Sensor

Measures force, tension, compression.
A transducer transforming mechanical input to an electrical output.
Includes figures of force sensors.

Input Device: Pressure Sensors

Measures pressures, relative to vacuum, atmospheric, or a fixed pressure.
Includes absolute, gauge, differential and sealed pressure sensors.
Explores different internal designs.

Piezoelectric Pressure Sensor

Piezoelectric effect used to convert pressure, strain, or force to an electrical charge.
Demonstrated with visuals.

Hall Effect Sensor

Detects voltage difference from magnetic fields.
Discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879.

Input Device: Sound Sensors

Converts sound waves into electrical voltage levels.
Commonly use a diaphragm.

Input Device: Distance Sensors: Ultrasonic

Measures distance based on time between sending and receiving sound waves.
These sensors measure the time between sending and receiving a wave to calculate the distance between the sensor and the object.

Input Device: Motion Sensors

Detects and measures movement.
Typically used in embedded systems.

Input Device: Accelerometer

Sensors detecting acceleration.
Analog and digital sensors available.
The amount of acceleration will affect the produced voltage.

Input Device: Rotary Encoder

Detects rotational position and speed through conversion to electrical signals.
Includes incremental and absolute encoders.

Encoder

Presents a software configuration for an encoder, demonstrating its use.

Input Device: Velocity Sensor

Measures velocity rather than position (e.g., dynamic microphones).
Illustrates how movement of coil relative to a magnet creates a voltage proportional to velocity.

Input Device: PI Camera

Image capture for high-definition video and still photos via the CSI port.

Output Device: Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

Diodes that emit visible light at different colors (LEDs).
Two terminal devices: a cathode and an anode.

Output Device: Buzzer

Piezoelectric units producing sounds from electrical voltage.
Often used in alarm, timers.

Output Device: Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

Display images using liquid crystals.
- The 16 × 2 LCD display used in labs.

Sensors: Types

Shows examples of sensor connections to a microcontroller board.
- Illustrates sensor types and wiring connections.

I2C Current Sensor

Measures electrical current using an I2C communication protocol.
Includes relevant diagrams.

SPI Pressure, Altitude & Temperature Sensor

Includes the BMP280 and BMP183 sensors.

Sensors: Noise

Indicates some noise sources in measurements, illustrated with graph samples.

Sensors: Ideal Case

Presentation of data relationship between variables, illustrated with graphical analysis.

Sensors: Identification

How to identify the actual sensor output from the perfect sensor model.
Expressed using graphs.

Sensors: Repeatability

Shows the repetitive characteristics of sensors by plotting measurements.
Indicates a plot of measurement outputs.

Sensors: Offset

Demonstrates measurement drift over long-term use.

2 vs. 3-Axis Gyro (MD0520 vs. MMA7361L)

Analysis of sampled data to determine the difference in accuracy between two gyro models.
- Demonstrates the differences in data characteristics when processing from individual devices or models.

Torque

Rotational equivalent of a linear force.
Calculates torque based on force and distance.

Gear Ratios

Explain gear ratios and their uses in mechanics.
Converts torque using a gearbox.

Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM)

Power control method achieved by repeatedly switching between on and off states at a fast rate..
Adjusts average voltage by varying on-time and off-time ratios.

Output Device: Motors

Various motor types including DC motors, stepper motors, and servo motors.
- Different motor characteristics are illustrated, including power requirements.

Questions?

A general question prompt inviting further inquiry.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various electrical components and sensors such as thermistors, light sensors, and switches. This quiz covers their functions, applications, and behaviors under different conditions. Perfect for students studying electronics and electrical engineering.