Electrical Circuit Analysis-I Quiz

Students can design circuits using nodal and mesh methods.
Students will learn the importance of using electrical circuit and network theorems.
Students will learn how to apply linearity and superposition concepts to analyze RL, RC, and RLC circuits in different domains (time and frequency).
Students can apply Laplace transform to analyze transient circuit analysis.

Introduction: Objective, scope, and course outcomes.
Basic Concepts: Active, passive elements, ideal and practical sources, Ohm's law, source transformation, Kirchoff's laws, graph theory (network graph, tree, incidence matrix, cut sets, dual network analysis), duality methods.
Network Theorems: Superposition, Thevenin, Norton, maximum power transfer, reciprocity, compensation theorems for networks with independent and dependent sources.
1-phase and 3-phase AC Circuits: 1-phase series and parallel AC circuits, analysis of series and parallel resonant circuits, concepts of bandwidth and quality factor at resonance, 3-phase star and delta connections (balanced and unbalanced), voltage, current and impedance calculations, power in 3-phase AC systems, power triangle, complex power, analysis of three-phase AC circuits.
Transient Analysis: Transient analysis of RL and RC circuits under DC excitation, response of networks under step, ramp, pulse, and sinusoidal inputs, time domain, transient analysis using Laplace transform.

Course Outcomes: Students will understand magnetic circuits and the principle of energy conversion, learn the basics of DC machines and transformers, evaluate performance characteristics of DC machines and transformers, and understand single-phase and polyphase transformers.
Course Contents:
- Introduction, Magnetic circuits: MMF, flux, reluctance and inductance.
- DC Generators: Construction, working principle and EMF equation, Lap and wave windings, armature reaction, commutation.
- DC Motors: Electromagnetic energy conversion, principles, back-EMF and torque, types and characteristics of DC motors (separately excited, shunt, series).
- Transformers: Construction, principle of operation, equivalent circuit, single-phase transformers, EMF equation, no-load and full-load operation, voltage regulation, losses and efficiency, parallel operation.
- Three-phase Transformers: Constructional features, transformer connections (star/star, delta/delta, star/delta), zigzag/star, phase conversion using Scott connection, auto-transformers

Course Outcomes: Students will understand common electrical measuring instruments, use instrument transformers for high voltage and current measurements, be familiar with various resistance measurement techniques; including potentiometers, and use AC bridges.
Course Contents:
- Introduction, Electrical measuring instruments, moving coil, moving iron, electrodynamic and induction type instruments, construction, operation, force equation, error analysis.
- 3-phase metering using Blondel's theorem.
- Instrument transformers (Current and Potential transformers), construction, operation, and tests.
- Measurement of resistance (low, medium, high).
- Potentionmeters (slide wire and Crompton potentiometers), use for resistance measurement and voltmeter/ammeter calibration.
- AC bridges (Maxwell, Hay, Anderson, De-Sauty, Wien), use for various inductance, capacitance and frequency measurements.

Course Outcomes: Analyze PN junctions, design and analyze diodes, understand BJT and FET configurations; and design BJT and FET amplifiers.
Course Contents:
- Fundamental of Semiconductor Physics, classifications, carrier concentration, generation/recombination.
- PN Junction Diode and its Applications: Junction terminologies, qualitative and quantitative analysis, ideal diode characteristics, Zener and avalanche breakdown, diode capacitances.
- Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs): Structures, I-V characteristics, performance parameters, biasing (fixed bias, self bias, voltage divider bias), Load line analysis, thermal runaway and stability.
- Field-Effect Transistors (FETs): Introduction, biasing and operation of MOSFETs, characteristics of MOSFETs.
- Low Frequency Small Signal Amplifiers (BJT, MOSFET) - Models and small signal amplifier analysis.

Course Outcomes: Understand instrumentation errors, types of transducers, amplifiers, isolators, and grounding techniques related to power systems.
Course Contents:
- Errors, systematic and random errors, limits of error, combination of errors.
- Sensors and transducers (temperature, pressure, displacement, acceleration, noise level).
- Signal conditioning (Instrumentation amplifier, analog multipliers, timers, sample and hold, isolation amplifiers).
- Instrumentation in power systems (measurement of voltage, current, phase angle, frequency, power, energy meters, and protective relays).
- Power system monitoring and control (Scada, computer-based systems).

Course Outcomes: Gain knowledge in numerical analysis, probability & statistics, and partial differential equations and Fourier series.
Course Contents:
- Numerical Analysis: Interpolation (finite differences, Newton's forward and backward, Gauss's, and Lagrange), numerical differentiation and integration (trapezoidal, Simpson's 1/3 and 3/8), solution of ordinary differential equations (Euler, modified Euler, Runge-Kutta, and Milne).
- Probability and Statistics: Discrete and continuous random variables, probability distributions (binomial, Poisson, normal, etc.), curve fitting, correlation and regression.
- Partial Differential Equations: Classification, separation of variables and solutions to 1D heat, 1D wave, and 2D Laplace equations.
- Fourier Series: Periodic functions, half-range Fourier series (sine, cosine), Parseval's theorem.