Electric Power Generation Unit 1

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Questions and Answers

With a neat sketch, enumerate & explain about the essential components of a hydroelectric plant.

Essential components of a hydroelectric plant include a dam, reservoir, penstock, turbine, generator, and a transformer.

Discuss merits and demerits of a hydroelectric plant.

Merits of a hydroelectric plant include its renewable nature, clean energy production, and efficient operation. However, demerits include high initial construction cost, environmental impacts, and dependence on water availability.

Explain the essential factors which influence the choice of site for a hydroelectric plant.

Factors influencing site selection for a hydroelectric plant include water availability (flow rate and head), topography (suitable area for dam construction), geological conditions (foundation for dam and reservoir), and proximity to load centers.

State the different methods of classifying hydroelectric power plants & give the classification of HPS based on all three methods.

Hydroelectric power plants are classified by the head of water available (high, medium, or low head), by the location of the plant (run-of-river or pumped storage), and by the type of turbine used (Francis, Kaplan, or Pelton). Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors of selection of the site for hydroelectric stations?

Factors for selecting a site for hydroelectric stations include availability of water, water head, topography, geology, proximity to load centers, environmental impact, and cost. Signup and view all the answers

If the catchment area of a reservoir is 50 km² and the average rainfall is 150 cm/year, find the power in KW for which the station having a mean head of 40 m should be designed. Only 75% of rainfall is utilized, and the expected load factor of the station is 75%. Assume the turbine and generator efficiency are 88% and 93% respectively.

Power in KW = 1987.5 kW Signup and view all the answers

With a neat sketch, explain the construction and working principle of the pumped storage power plant.

A pumped storage power plant uses excess electricity from the grid to pump water uphill from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir. During peak demand, the water is released from the higher reservoir, flowing downhill to drive turbines and generate electricity. Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors of selection of the site for hydroelectric power stations?

The factors for selecting a site for hydroelectric power stations are similar to the general site selection factors for hydroelectric plants, including availability of water, water head, topography, geology, proximity to load centers, environmental impact, and cost. Signup and view all the answers

Explain with a neat schematic diagram of a thermal power plant.

A thermal power plant uses heat from burning fuel (like coal, natural gas, or oil) to produce steam and generate electricity. The main components include a boiler, turbine, generator, condenser, and cooling tower. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Unit 1: Generation of Electric Power

Hydroelectric Power Plants: Components include a dam, reservoir, water intake, penstock, turbine, generator, and other auxiliary equipment.
Hydroelectric Plant Merits and Demerits: Merits: Renewable, environmentally friendly, reliable, and inexpensive; Demerits: High initial cost, environmental impact, limited availability of suitable sites.
Site Selection for Hydroelectric Plants: Factors include water availability, land topography, dam construction suitability, proximity to load center, and environmental impact.
Classification of Hydroelectric Power Plants: Classification can be based on head, power output, type of turbine used, or other relevant criteria. Methods of classification are discussed in the text, and are detailed, citing specific factors for each classification category.
Pumped Storage Hydro Plants: These plants use excess electricity to pump water to an elevated reservoir, and release that water later to generate power. This allows for flexible power generation to meet fluctuating demand.
Thermal Power Plants: Comprise boilers, superheaters, steam turbines, generators, and associated auxiliaries. There is a specific diagram given in the text.
Boilers and Superheaters: Boilers generate steam, while superheaters further heat the steam to improve efficiency; Their operation and functions are detailed in the text.
Nuclear Power Plants: Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) is one type; Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power plants (including PWR) are mentioned.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC): Basic principle is using the temperature difference between warm surface water and cold deep sea water to generate electricity.
Tidal Power Generation: Discusses various methods, highlighting the limitations of each.
Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS): Components of WECS are examined and diagrammed.
Fuel Cells: Explained as energy conversion devices which convert fuel directly into electricity. Different fuel cell types and advantages are explored.
Solar Energy into Heat: Description of the basic principle of harnessing solar energy to heat substances.
Flat-Plate Solar Collectors: Components are detailed, including the function of each component.
Concentrating Collectors: Advantages and disadvantages of concentrating collectors compared to flat-plate collectors.

Unit 2: Economics of Power Generation

Power Station Economics: Concepts like connected load, maximum demand, load factor, diversity factor, and load duration curve are key to evaluating power station costs and efficiency. Various data calculations are included to determine the economic viability of a power station. Methods for determining Annual Working cost were given.
Fixed Costs, Running Costs, Tariff: These costs and how costs are determined for various power station types are included
Transmission Line Parameters: GMR, GMD, calculation and understanding of line parameters. Calculation of capacitance and inductance of transmission lines, including transposition effects.
Overhead Transmission Lines: Methods for determining capacitance, inductance, and other relevant factors for over-head transmission lines.

Unit 3: Overhead Transmission Line Parameters

Overhead Transmission Line Parameters: Understanding GMR and GMD in single-phase transmission lines. Capacitance per-phase calculations. Inductance of a group of parallel wires carrying current.
Bundled Conductors: Explained as a method and reason for reducing inductance.
ACSR Conductors: Advantages detailed for use in overhead lines.

Unit 4: Performance of Transmission Lines

Nominal π and T Circuits: Detailed analysis and derivations of the transmission line circuits.
Ferranti Effect: Explained concerning voltage rise in unloaded lines.
Transmission Efficiency: Calculation procedures.

Unit 5: DC Distribution

DC Distribution System Design: Includes calculations to determine the appropriate diameter of a conductor for a given current and voltage drop. Load arrangements diagrammed.
Ring Main Systems : Specific calculations mentioned and diagrams provided.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of hydroelectric power plants, including their components, merits and demerits, and site selection criteria. Additionally, it delves into the classification of different types of these plants and the concept of pumped storage hydro plants. Test your knowledge on renewable energy generation!