Electric Power, Energy, and Potential

Electric Power And Energy

• Electric power (P) is the rate at which electric energy is transferred or converted
• Unit: watt (W)
• Formula: P = ΔW / Δt
• Electric energy (ΔW) is the total energy transferred or converted
• Unit: joule (J)
• Formula: ΔW = V × I × t

Electric Potential

• Electric potential (V) is the potential difference between two points in a circuit
• Unit: volt (V)
• Also known as voltage or electromotive force (EMF)
• Formula: V = W / Q
• Electric potential difference is the work done per unit charge in moving a charge between two points

Electric Circuits

• A circuit consists of a closed path through which electric current flows
• Components: source of EMF, conductors, resistors, and loads
• Types of circuits:
  • Series circuit: components connected one after the other
  • Parallel circuit: components connected between the same two points
  • Series-parallel circuit: combination of series and parallel connections

Resistance And Ohm's Law

• Resistance (R) is the opposition to the flow of electric current
• Unit: ohm (Ω)
• Formula: R = V / I
• Ohm's Law: V = I × R
• Resistivity (ρ) is the resistance of a material per unit length and unit cross-sectional area
• Formula: ρ = R × A / L

Current And Voltage

• Electric current (I) is the flow of electric charge
• Unit: ampere (A)
• Formula: I = ΔQ / Δt
• Voltage (V) is the potential difference between two points in a circuit
• Unit: volt (V)
• Relationship between current and voltage: V = I × R

Electric Power And Energy

• Electric power is the rate of electric energy transfer or conversion, measured in watts (W).
• Electric power formula: P = ΔW / Δt, where P is power, ΔW is energy, and Δt is time.
• Electric energy is the total energy transferred or converted, measured in joules (J).
• Electric energy formula: ΔW = V × I × t, where V is voltage, I is current, and t is time.

Electric Potential

• Electric potential, also known as voltage or electromotive force (EMF), is the potential difference between two points in a circuit, measured in volts (V).
• Electric potential formula: V = W / Q, where V is voltage, W is work, and Q is charge.
• Electric potential difference is the work done per unit charge in moving a charge between two points.

Electric Circuits

• A circuit consists of a closed path through which electric current flows, comprising a source of EMF, conductors, resistors, and loads.
• Series circuit: components connected one after the other, with the same current flowing through each component.
• Parallel circuit: components connected between the same two points, with each component having the same voltage.
• Series-parallel circuit: a combination of series and parallel connections.

Resistance And Ohm's Law

• Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current, measured in ohms (Ω).
• Resistance formula: R = V / I, where R is resistance, V is voltage, and I is current.
• Ohm's Law: V = I × R, which relates voltage, current, and resistance.
• Resistivity is the resistance of a material per unit length and unit cross-sectional area, measured in ohm-meters (Ωm).
• Resistivity formula: ρ = R × A / L, where ρ is resistivity, R is resistance, A is cross-sectional area, and L is length.

Current And Voltage

• Electric current is the flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A).
• Electric current formula: I = ΔQ / Δt, where I is current, ΔQ is charge, and Δt is time.
• Voltage is the potential difference between two points in a circuit, measured in volts (V).
• Voltage and current are related by Ohm's Law: V = I × R.