Electric Fields and Their Properties

Study Notes

Electric Fields

An electric field is a force that acts upon charged particles like electrons due to their electrical charge. It's created by stationary charges, moving charges, and magnetism. An electric field is described mathematically using its intensity, direction, magnitude, and polarity. These properties of an electric field can vary from point to point within the region where it exists.

Electric Potential

The electric potential represents the energy stored per unit charge present in the electric field. This value is usually expressed in volts which describe how much electrical work needs to be done to move one unit positive charge from any point 'A' to another point 'B' through this particular area. In other words, it tells you how much energy comes out when you take some object with a positive charge and put it into the electric field.

Electric Field Lines

Since we cannot directly visualize electricity, scientists invented something called 'Electric Field Lines' to help us understand what happens inside these invisible forces. They are imaginary lines drawn between points having equal amount of negative and positive electrical potential. At every tiny bit along this line, there will always be less energy going towards one end and more coming back towards the other end. If you draw these lines very close together, they make up an almost perfect straight path - unless your hand gets too near! Generally speaking though, anywhere you find lots of closely packed energy lines pointing outwards means a huge amount of energy trying to get away fast.

Electric Field Strength

In general terms, electric field strength refers to the maximum amount of force that could possibly act on a single charged particle placed somewhere into a given electric field. For example, if I have two coins sitting beside each other on top of a table, neither one has any special power over the other until one starts getting pushed around by gravity. But once you throw them both off onto different sides of the room so they fall downward under gravity, suddenly each coin has its own separate weight pulling it slightly towards whatever side was chosen first. That difference between weights gives us information about electric field strength.

This concept applies even more strongly here since instead of just comparing two random coins we're actually talking about charged particles being pulled apart under an electrostatic repulsion!. So long as those particles stick together with enough force, then you know there must be quite strong electrostatic forces holding them together. As soon as anything breaks free, however - say one negative electron goes flying away while leaving behind only positive ones - then all bets are off because now everything else changes too.