Electric Fields and Forces Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is true about uniform electric fields?

  • Field lines are parallel and equally spaced. (correct)
  • Uniform fields result in nonuniform force distributions.
  • Field strength is higher where lines are further apart.
  • Field lines are closer together in uniform fields.

    • How do electric field lines behave in relation to positive and negative charges?

  • They do not interact with charges of the opposite sign.
  • They are always directed outward from charges, regardless of type.
  • They emanate from positive charges and penetrate into negative charges. (correct)
  • They emanate from negative charges and penetrate into positive charges.

    • What formula is used to calculate electric field strength?

  • E = F / q (correct)
  • E = q / F
  • E = W / m
  • E = m / g

    • In a nonuniform electric field, what does it indicate if the field lines are closer together?

    <p>The field strength is stronger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about gravitational and electric fields is incorrect?

    <p>Field strength for electric fields is measured in N/kg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a +10 C charge experiences a 50 N force in an electric field, what is the strength of the field at that location?

    <p>5 N/C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary intrinsic property of charge?

    <p>Electric charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly identifies the relationship between electric field strength and force?

    <p>Field strength is the force per unit charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the electric force F acting on a negatively charged particle in a uniform electric field E?

    <p>In the opposite direction to E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the electric field E is uniform, what happens to the electric force F experienced by a charged particle?

    <p>It remains constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a positively charged particle, the acceleration a and electric force F are in which direction relative to the electric field E?

    <p>In the same direction as E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the work done by the electric field on a charge moving a distance d in a field E?

    <p>$- q E d$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the capacitance of a capacitor refer to?

    <p>The charge storing capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the electric potential energy of a charged capacitor when a charge moves within the electric field inside it?

    <p>It decreases as work is done by the field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the work done by an external force FA and the work done by the electric field on a charged particle?

    <p>Work done by FA is greater than work done by the field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following devices commonly uses capacitors?

    <p>Photoflash units in cameras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capacitance of a capacitor that stores a charge of 1.62 nC when connected to a 20 V battery?

    <p>81 pF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the capacitance C of a parallel plate capacitor related to the plate area A and the distance d between the plates?

    <p>C is directly proportional to A and inversely proportional to d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol F represent in relation to capacitance?

    <p>Farad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If capacitor #2 has twice the capacitance of capacitor #1, what can be said about the charge stored on both capacitors when charged by the same battery?

    <p>Capacitor #2 will store twice as much charge as #1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the equation $V = E d$, what does V represent?

    <p>Voltage across the plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit is typically used for measuring very small capacitances, such as those in the range of picofarads?

    <p>pF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a capacitor with a capacitance of 3 F indicate regarding its ability to store charge?

    <p>It can store 30 C of charge at 10 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between voltage and electric field strength in a uniform electric field?

    <p>Voltage is equal to electric field strength times the distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term $dE$ represent in the context of an electric field calculation?

    <p>An infinitesimal change in the electric field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the equation $dE = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} \frac{dq}{r^2}$, what does $r$ represent?

    <p>The distance from the charge to the point of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When integrating to find the total electric field from a charged distribution, which component is essential?

    <p>The contributions of individual infinitesimal charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of $ rac{dq}{dx}$ in the equation $dq = \lambda dx$?

    <p>It expresses the infinitesimal charge based on line charge density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the electric field if the distance $a$ becomes much greater than the length $l$ of the charged rod?

    <p>The electric field behaves as if it is produced by a point charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the electric field $E$ is uniform, what is true regarding the forces acting on a charged particle?

    <p>The electric force remains constant in both magnitude and direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between acceleration $a$, electric force $F$, and charge $q$ in a uniform electric field?

    <p>Acceleration is directly proportional to electric force and inversely proportional to mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the electric field $E$ expressed when integrating over the total distance related to a charged rod?

    <p>$E = \frac{Q}{4\pi\epsilon_0 a(l+a)}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct formula to calculate electric current?

    <p>$I = \frac{\Delta Q}{\Delta t}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes Ohm's Law?

    <p>$V = IR$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of electric current in the International System of Units (SI)?

    <p>Ampere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the resistivity of most metals as temperature increases?

    <p>It increases linearly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does not affect the resistance of a material?

    <p>Volume of the conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for resistance in terms of resistivity ($\rho$)?

    <p>$R = \frac{\rho L}{A}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Superconductors are characterized by which of the following properties?

    <p>Resistivity drops to zero at very cold temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is resistance defined mathematically?

    <p>$R = \frac{V}{I}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the equivalent capacitance for capacitors in series?

    <p>$\frac{1}{C_{eq}} = \frac{1}{C_1} + \frac{1}{C_2} + \frac{1}{C_3}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a parallel combination of capacitors, what happens to the total charge?

    <p>The total charge is the sum of individual charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If two capacitors, C1 and C2, are connected in parallel, what is the relationship between the applied voltage and the charges?

    <p>Each capacitor experiences the same voltage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the voltage across each capacitor in a series connection?

    <p>It adds up to the total voltage applied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a 15 V battery is connected to three capacitors in series, what remains constant across all capacitors?

    <p>The individual charges on each capacitor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the switch in an RC circuit is closed, what is the initial behavior of the capacitor?

    <p>It behaves like an open circuit and no charge flows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a series circuit of capacitors, which equation correctly represents the charge on a capacitor?

    <p>$Q = C_{eq} V$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the equivalent capacitance calculated for two capacitors connected in parallel?

    <p>$C_{eq} = C_1 + C_2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Content

    • The course covers seven chapters:
      • Chapter 1: Physical Quantity, Units and Dimensions (1 week)
      • Chapter 2: Motion in one Dimension (2 weeks)
      • Chapter 3: Vector Analysis (2 weeks)
      • Chapter 4: Fluid Mechanics (2 weeks)
      • Chapter 5: Waves, Oscillations, and Sound (2 weeks)
      • Chapter 6: Heat and Thermodynamics (2 weeks)
      • Chapter 7: Electricity & Magnetism (2 weeks)

    Properties of Electric Charges

    • Simple experiments demonstrate electric forces and charges
    • A comb rubbed through dry hair attracts bits of paper
    • The attractive force is strong enough to suspend the paper
    • Similar effects occur when glass or rubber is rubbed with silk or fur
    • Materials exhibiting this behavior are electrified or electrically charged

    Two Kinds of Electric Charges

    • Experiments reveal two types of electric charges: positive and negative
    • Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) coined these names
    • A hard rubber rod rubbed with fur and suspended by a nonmetallic thread attracts a glass rod rubbed with silk

    Coulomb's Law

    • Charles Coulomb (1736-1806) measured electric forces using a torsion balance

    • The electric force between stationary charged particles is:

      • Inversely proportional to the square of the separation (r²) between the particles
      • Directly proportional to the product of the charges (q₁q₂).
      • Attractive if charges have opposite signs, repulsive if same sign

    • Force (F) = k * q₁ * q₂ / r²

      • k = 9 x 10⁹ N⋅m²/C² (constant)
      • q₁ and q₂ are charges in Coulombs (C)
      • r is the distance between the charges in meters (m)

    Charge and Matter

    • Proton: Symbol (P), Charge (+1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C), Mass (1.67 x 10⁻²⁷ kg).
    • Neutron: Symbol (N), Charge (0), Mass (1.67 x 10⁻²⁷ kg).
    • Electron: Symbol (e), Charge (-1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C), Mass (9.11 x 10⁻³¹ kg).

    Example: The Hydrogen Atom

    • The electron and proton (on average) are separated by a distance of approximately 5.3 x 10⁻¹¹ m
    • Magnitude of electric force = 8.2 x 10⁻⁸ N
    • Magnitude of gravitational force = 3.6 x 10⁻⁴⁷ N

    Electric Fields: Review

    • Review of gravitational fields
    • Electric field vector
    • Electric fields for various charge configurations
    • Field strengths for point charges and uniform fields
    • Work done by fields & change in potential energy
    • Potential & equipotential surfaces
    • Capacitors, capacitance, & voltage drops across capacitors
    • Millikan oil drop experiment
    • Excess Charge Distribution on a Conductor

    Gravitational Fields

    • A region surrounding any massive object or collection of objects exerts gravitational force on any objects within its region (field)
    • Defined as the force per unit mass on a test mass (placed in the field)
    • Field strength is measured in Newtons per kilogram (N/kg)
    • A uniform field has equally spaced and parallel field lines.
    • Non-uniform fields are stronger where field lines are closer together.

    Electric Fields (Intro)

    • A region surrounding a charged object or collection of charged objects exerts electric forces on any charges within its region (field)
    • Defined as the force per unit charge on a test charge (placed in the field)
    • Field strength is measured in Newtons per Coulomb (N/C)
    • A uniform field has equally spaced and parallel field lines
    • Nonuniform fields are stronger where lines are closer together

    Electric Flux

    • defined as the total number of electric field lines passing through a surface.

    Gauss's Law

    • The total electric flux through any closed surface is directly proportional to the net electric charge enclosed within the surface.

    • Φ_s = Q/ε₀

    Properties of Conductors

    • Electric field inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium is zero.
    • Any net charge resides on the surface of a conductor.
    • Electrical field immediately outside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium is perpendicular to the surface
    • Surface charge density is greatest where the radius of curvature is smallest.

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    Physics Lecture Notes - 187-267 Pages PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of electric fields, their properties, and the forces acting on charged particles. This quiz covers topics such as uniform and nonuniform electric fields, electric field strength calculations, and the behavior of charge in different fields. Prepare to explore key concepts and equations related to electricity.

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