Electric Field Basics
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Electric Field Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the unit of electric field?

  • Newtons per Coulomb (N/C) (correct)
  • Joules per Coulomb (J/C)
  • Tesla (T)
  • Watts per Meter (W/m)
  • What is the direction of the electric field at a given point on an electric field line?

  • Anti-parallel to the field line
  • Parallel to the field line
  • Perpendicular to the field line
  • Tangent to the field line (correct)
  • What is the electric field due to a point charge proportional to?

  • r^2
  • 1/r
  • 1/r^2 (correct)
  • r
  • What is the electric field inside a conductor?

    <p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the electric field inside a dielectric?

    <p>It is decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of electric field lines?

    <p>They represent the direction of the force on a test charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of electric fields?

    <p>Electromagnets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electric field outside a conductor?

    <p>Perpendicular to the surface of the conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Definition

    • The electric field is a vector field that surrounds charged particles, such as electrically charged atoms or molecules.
    • It is a measure of the force per unit charge at a given point in space.

    Units

    • The unit of electric field is Newtons per Coulomb (N/C) or Volts per Meter (V/m).

    Electric Field Lines

    • Electric field lines are imaginary lines that emerge from positive charges and enter negative charges.
    • The direction of the electric field is tangent to the field line at any given point.
    • The density of field lines represents the strength of the electric field.

    Electric Field Due to a Point Charge

    • The electric field due to a point charge is given by Coulomb's Law:
      • E = k * q / r^2
      • where E is the electric field, k is Coulomb's constant, q is the charge, and r is the distance from the charge.

    Electric Field Due to Multiple Charges

    • The electric field due to multiple charges is the vector sum of the electric fields due to each individual charge.

    Electric Field in a Uniform Electric Field

    • In a uniform electric field, the electric field has the same magnitude and direction at all points in space.
    • The electric field lines are parallel and evenly spaced.

    Electric Field and Conductors

    • The electric field inside a conductor is zero.
    • The electric field outside a conductor is perpendicular to the surface of the conductor.

    Electric Field and Dielectrics

    • Dielectrics are insulators that can be polarized by an electric field.
    • The electric field inside a dielectric is reduced by a factor of the dielectric constant.

    Applications of Electric Field

    • Electric fields are used in a wide range of applications, including:
      • Electromagnets
      • Electric motors
      • Generators
      • Capacitors
      • Electric power transmission lines

    Definition

    • Electric field is a vector field surrounding charged particles, measuring the force per unit charge at a given point in space.

    Units

    • Electric field units: Newtons per Coulomb (N/C) or Volts per Meter (V/m).

    Electric Field Lines

    • Electric field lines emerge from positive charges, enter negative charges, and represent the direction of the electric field.
    • Field line density indicates the electric field's strength.

    Electric Field Due to a Point Charge

    • Coulomb's Law: E = k × q / r^2, where E is the electric field, k is Coulomb's constant, q is the charge, and r is the distance from the charge.

    Electric Field Due to Multiple Charges

    • The electric field due to multiple charges is the vector sum of individual electric fields.

    Electric Field in a Uniform Electric Field

    • Uniform electric field: same magnitude and direction at all points, with parallel and evenly spaced field lines.

    Electric Field and Conductors

    • Electric field inside a conductor: zero.
    • Electric field outside a conductor: perpendicular to the surface.

    Electric Field and Dielectrics

    • Dielectrics: insulators polarized by an electric field, reducing the electric field inside by a factor of the dielectric constant.

    Applications of Electric Field

    • Electromagnets
    • Electric motors
    • Generators
    • Capacitors
    • Electric power transmission lines

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    Description

    Learn about the definition, units, and electric field lines of electric fields surrounding charged particles. Understand the force per unit charge and direction of electric fields.

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