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Study Notes
- An electric dipole consists of equal and opposite point charges separated by a distance 2a.
- The direction from -q to q is the direction of the dipole.
- The total charge of the electric dipole is zero.
- The electric fields due to the charges do not exactly cancel out but nearly cancel out at large distances.
- The electric field due to a dipole falls off faster than like 1/r^2 at large distances.
- The electric field of the pair of charges can be found using Coulomb's law and the superposition principle.
- The electric field is simple to calculate when the point is on the dipole axis or in the equatorial plane.
- The electric field at any general point is obtained by adding the electric fields due to the charges.
- The electric fields are added using the parallelogram law of vectors.
- The mid-point of locations of -q and q is called the centre of the dipole.
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