Electric Current and Ohm's Law

Electric Current

• Electric current is the flow of electrons through a conductor, such as a wire.
• It is measured in amperes (A), where 1 A is 1 coulomb per second.
• Current flow is typically denoted by the symbol I.
• Electric current is a fundamental concept in electricity, and is essential for the operation of electrical devices and systems.

Ohm's Law

• Ohm's Law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it, and inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor.
• Mathematically, Ohm's Law is represented as: I = V/R, where I is the current, V is the voltage, and R is the resistance.
• Ohm's Law is a linear relationship, meaning that if the voltage is doubled, the current will also double, provided the resistance remains constant.
• Ohm's Law is a fundamental principle in electricity, and is widely used in the design and analysis of electrical circuits.

Series and Parallel Circuits

• Series Circuits:
  • A series circuit is a circuit where the components are connected one after the other, forming a single loop.
  • The current flows through each component in sequence, and the total resistance of the circuit is the sum of the individual resistances.
  • The voltage across each component is proportional to its resistance.
• Parallel Circuits:
  • A parallel circuit is a circuit where the components are connected between the same two points, forming separate branches.
  • The voltage across each component is the same, and the total current is the sum of the individual currents.
  • The total resistance of the circuit is less than the resistance of any individual component.

Kirchhoff's Laws

• Kirchhoff's Laws are two fundamental principles in electricity, used to analyze electrical circuits.
• Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL):
  • The sum of the currents entering a node in a circuit is equal to the sum of the currents leaving the node.
  • Mathematically, this is represented as: ΣI_in = ΣI_out
• Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL):
  • The sum of the voltage changes around a closed loop in a circuit is zero.
  • Mathematically, this is represented as: ΣΔV = 0

Resistance

• Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current through a conductor.
• It is measured in ohms (Ω), and is denoted by the symbol R.
• Resistance depends on the material, length, and cross-sectional area of the conductor.
• Resistance can be classified into three types:
  • Linear Resistance: varies linearly with the voltage applied.
  • Non-Linear Resistance: does not vary linearly with the voltage applied.
  • Negative Resistance: decreases with an increase in voltage.

Electric Current

• Electric current is the flow of electrons through a conductor, such as a wire.
• It is measured in amperes (A), where 1 A is 1 coulomb per second.
• Current flow is typically denoted by the symbol I.
• Electric current is a fundamental concept in electricity, essential for the operation of electrical devices and systems.

Ohm's Law

• Ohm's Law states that current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.
• Mathematically, Ohm's Law is represented as: I = V/R, where I is the current, V is the voltage, and R is the resistance.
• Ohm's Law is a linear relationship, meaning that if the voltage is doubled, the current will also double, provided the resistance remains constant.

Series and Parallel Circuits

• Series Circuits:
  • Components are connected one after the other, forming a single loop.
  • The current flows through each component in sequence.
  • The total resistance of the circuit is the sum of the individual resistances.
  • The voltage across each component is proportional to its resistance.
• Parallel Circuits:
  • Components are connected between the same two points, forming separate branches.
  • The voltage across each component is the same.
  • The total current is the sum of the individual currents.
  • The total resistance of the circuit is less than the resistance of any individual component.

Kirchhoff's Laws

• Kirchhoff's Laws are fundamental principles in electricity, used to analyze electrical circuits.
• Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL):
  • The sum of the currents entering a node in a circuit is equal to the sum of the currents leaving the node.
  • Mathematically, this is represented as: ΣI_in = ΣI_out
• Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL):
  • The sum of the voltage changes around a closed loop in a circuit is zero.
  • Mathematically, this is represented as: ΣΔV = 0

Resistance

• Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current through a conductor.
• It is measured in ohms (Ω), and is denoted by the symbol R.
• Resistance depends on the material, length, and cross-sectional area of the conductor.
• Resistance can be classified into three types:
  • Linear Resistance: varies linearly with the voltage applied.
  • Non-Linear Resistance: does not vary linearly with the voltage applied.
  • Negative Resistance: decreases with an increase in voltage.