Electric Circuits Quiz

Study Notes

Definition: A circuit where components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow.
Current: The same current flows through all components (I_total = I_1 = I_2 = ... = I_n).
Voltage: The total voltage is the sum of the individual voltages across each component (V_total = V_1 + V_2 + ... + V_n).
Resistance: Total resistance is the sum of individual resistances (R_total = R_1 + R_2 + ... + R_n).
Failure: If one component fails (opens), the entire circuit stops working.

Definition: A circuit where components are connected across common points, providing multiple paths for current flow.
Current: The total current is the sum of the currents through each parallel branch (I_total = I_1 + I_2 + ... + I_n).
Voltage: The voltage across each component is the same and equal to the total voltage (V_total = V_1 = V_2 = ... = V_n).
Resistance: Total resistance can be calculated using the formula:
- 1/R_total = 1/R_1 + 1/R_2 + ... + 1/R_n.
Failure: If one component fails, the other paths remain operational, allowing the circuit to continue functioning.

Current in Series: Constant and equal through all components.
Current in Parallel: Divided among components; each path can have different currents.
Voltage in Series: Divided among components; total is the sum of individual voltages.
Voltage in Parallel: Consistent across all branches; all receive the same voltage.

Series Circuits: Often used in applications where the current must be the same, such as in string lights.
Parallel Circuits: Common in household wiring, ensuring that devices can operate independently.

Components connected in a single path, creating uninterrupted current flow.
The same current passes through all components, ensuring uniformity (I_total = I_1 = I_2 =...= I_n).
Total voltage is the aggregate of individual voltages across components (V_total = V_1 + V_2 +...+ V_n).
Total resistance is the cumulative sum of all resistances (R_total = R_1 + R_2 +...+ R_n).
A failure in one component leads to the entire circuit ceasing operation.

Components are linked at common points, allowing multiple pathways for current.
Total current is the sum of currents in each branch (I_total = I_1 + I_2 +...+ I_n).
Each component experiences the same voltage as the total voltage supplied (V_total = V_1 = V_2 =...= V_n).
Total resistance is determined by the inverse sum of individual resistances: 1/R_total = 1/R_1 + 1/R_2 +...+ 1/R_n.
A failure in one component does not affect other pathways, maintaining circuit functionality.

Series circuits maintain a constant current throughout all components, while parallel circuits distribute current, making different paths possible.
Voltage in series circuits is shared among components, whereas in parallel circuits, all components receive the same voltage.

Series circuits are suitable for devices requiring uniform current, such as decorative string lights.
Parallel circuits are utilized in household wiring, allowing for independent operation of appliances and devices.