Electric Charges and Fields Quiz

The opposition to the flow of electric current through a conductor. It is calculated using the formula: R = (ρl)/A, where ρ is the resistivity of the material, l is the length of the conductor, and A is the cross-sectional area.

The reciprocal of resistivity, representing a material's ability to conduct electricity.

The force experienced by a charged particle moving in a uniform electric field. Calculated by F = qE, where q is the charge and E is the electric field strength.

The force experienced by a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field. Calculated by F = q(v x B) or F = qvB sin θ, where q is the charge, v is the velocity, B is the magnetic field strength, and θ is the angle between v and B.

The path followed by a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field. The path is circular with a radius determined by the particle's charge, velocity, and magnetic field.

The time taken for a charged particle to complete one revolution in a uniform magnetic field. Calculated by T = 2πm/qB, where m is the mass, q is the charge, and B is the magnetic field strength.

The frequency of the circular motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field. Calculated by ν = 1/T = qB/2πm.

The frequency at which a charged particle revolves in a cyclotron. Calculated by ν = eB/2πm, where e is the charge of an electron, B is the magnetic field strength, and m is the mass of the particle.

The ability of a material to separate different wavelengths of light. It's calculated as the ratio of angular dispersion to mean deviation.

The ability of a lens or mirror to make an object appear larger. It's the ratio of the angle subtended by the image to the angle subtended by the object.

The condition where two waves interfere to cancel each other out, resulting in a dark fringe.

The distance between two adjacent bright fringes in a double-slit interference pattern.

The position of a bright fringe in a double-slit experiment. It's determined by the path difference between the waves from the two slits.

The relationship between current density (J), conductivity (s), and electric field (E). It states that current density is directly proportional to the electric field and conductivity.

The number of images formed by an object placed within a medium of refractive index n, when placed in a different medium with refractive index µ1.

A law that describes the magnetic field generated by a moving electric charge or current. It states that the magnetic field at a point due to a small current element is directly proportional to the current, the length of the element, and the sine of the angle between the element and the line connecting the point to the element.

The formula that relates the refractive indices of two mediums, object distance (u), image distance (v), and radius of curvature (R) to the corresponding values when the mediums are interchanged.

Formula that relates the focal length (f) of a lens to its refractive index (µ) and the radii of curvature of its surfaces (R1 and R2)

The resistance of a conductor at a specific temperature (t°C) is calculated using this formula, where R0 is the resistance at 0°C, and 'a' and 'b' are temperature coefficients.

When resistors are connected in series, their total resistance (Rs) is simply the sum of individual resistances.

Formula that relates the object distance (u), image distance (v), and focal length (f) of a thin lens.

The ratio of the size of the image (I) to the size of the object (O) or the ratio of the image distance (v) to the object distance (u).

When resistors are connected in parallel, the reciprocal of the total resistance (Rp) is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of individual resistances.

The magnetic field at the center of a circular loop carrying current is calculated using this formula, where µ0 is the permeability of free space, I is the current, and R is the radius of the loop.

The reciprocal of the focal length of a lens, measured in diopters.

This formula calculates the torque experienced by a current loop placed in a magnetic field. The torque is proportional to the current, the area of the loop, the magnetic field strength, and the sine of the angle between the loop's normal vector and the magnetic field direction.

Formula that relates the total power (P) of a combination of lenses to the individual powers of each lens (P1, P2, P3...).

A formula showing the relationship between the focal length of the eyepiece (fe) and the object distance of the objective lens (vo) for a microscope.

This formula calculates the work done in rotating a magnetic dipole in a magnetic field from an initial angle to a final angle. The work done is proportional to the dipole moment, the magnetic field strength, and the difference in cosine of the initial and final angles.

The de Broglie wavelength of a gas molecule is proportional to the square root of the temperature and inversely proportional to the square root of its mass. It highlights the wave-particle duality of matter.

The width of the central maximum, where the intensity is highest, in a diffraction pattern depends on the wavelength of the light and the width of the slit.

The angular width of the fringe of the central maximum in a diffraction pattern is calculated as the ratio of the wavelength of light to the width of the slit.

The resolving power of a microscope is its ability to distinguish between two closely spaced objects. It's inversely proportional to the wavelength of the light used and directly proportional to the numerical aperture of the objective lens.

The resolving power of a telescope is its ability to separate two closely spaced objects. It depends on the diameter of the telescope's objective lens or mirror and the wavelength of light.

The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency. Higher frequency photons carry more energy.

The momentum of a photon is related to its energy and wavelength.

The moving mass of a photon can be calculated using its energy and the speed of light.

The frequency of an electron in its nth orbit is inversely proportional to the cube of the principal quantum number (n) and directly proportional to the square of the atomic number (Z). This relationship is derived from the Bohr model of the atom, where electron energies are quantized and related to the principal quantum number, n.

The number of spectral lines emitted when an electron transitions from the nth orbit to lower orbits is calculated by n(n-1)/2. This formula represents the potential transitions between the nth orbit and all lower energy levels.

The transition between energy levels results in the emission or absorption of electromagnetic radiation. The wavelength of this radiation is determined by the difference in energy levels and the Rydberg constant.

The minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom is referred to as the ionization energy, measured in electron volts (eV). This energy corresponds to the electron transitioning from the ground state (n=1) to an infinitely high energy level.

Ionization potential is the potential difference necessary to remove an electron from an atom. This concept is closely related to ionization energy, as it represents the same energy but expressed in volts.

The energy of an electron in a hydrogen-like atom is quantized, meaning it can only exist at specific, discrete energy levels. These energy levels are determined by the principal quantum number (n) and the Rydberg constant.

The radius of a nucleus is directly proportional to the cube root of the mass number (A) of the atom. This relationship implies that heavier nuclei have larger radii.

The Lyman series refers to a set of spectral lines in the hydrogen spectrum, which are produced by the transitions of electrons from higher energy levels (n = 2, 3, ...) to the ground state (n = 1). These lines fall within the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum.