Electric Charge & Electric Field - Lesson 1
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Questions and Answers

To whom is the discovery of electricity not attributed?

The discovery of electricity is not attributed to a single individual.

Who is credited with the discovery of static electricity?

Thales of Miletus is credited with the discovery of static electricity.

The known history of electricity goes back to at least 620-550 BCE.

True

Benjamin Franklin demonstrated that lightning was caused by electricity by using what?

<p>Benjamin Franklin demonstrated that lightning was caused by electricity using a kite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic definition of electric charge?

<p>Electric charge is a fundamental property of subatomic particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of electric charges?

<p>Positive and negative charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

What subatomic particles are associated with positive charges?

<p>Protons are associated with positive charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Like charges attract each other.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electric charge is a vector quantity.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of electric charge?

<p>The unit of electric charge is the coulomb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is defined as the unit of electric current that is equal to the flow of one Coulomb per second.

<p>Ampere</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between ampere and coulomb?

<p>One ampere of current represents one coulomb of electrical charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The relationship between ampere and coulomb is represented by the formula: Ampere = Coulomb/Second.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electric charge is additive.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle of conservation of electric charge?

<p>In an isolated system, electric charge is conserved, meaning it is neither created nor destroyed, but rather transferred from one body to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electric charge can be created or destroyed.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of quantization of electric charge state?

<p>The principle of quantization of electric charge states that all free charges are integral multiples of a basic predefined unit, denoted by 'e'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of the basic unit of charge 'e'?

<p>The value of the basic unit of charge 'e' is 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ Coulomb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Coulomb's Law?

<p>Coulomb's Law states that the electrostatic force between two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the formula for Coulomb's Law state? (Include the variables and description of each)

<p>The formula for Coulomb's Law is F = k * q₁ * q₂ / r², where F is the electrostatic force, k is Coulomb's constant, q₁ and q₂ are the magnitudes of the charges, and r is the distance between the charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The electrostatic force is a scalar quantity.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major factors influencing the strength of the electrostatic force?

<p>The size of the electric force depends on the amount of charge on the objects and the distance between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three methods of charging?

<p>The three methods of charging are charging by friction, charging by conduction, and charging by induction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during charging by friction?

<p>Charging by friction involves rubbing two objects against each other, causing the transfer of electrons from one object to the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials allow charges to move easily? (Select all that apply)

<p>Salty water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a conductor?

<p>A conductor is a material that allows charges to move freely through it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an electric field?

<p>An electric field is a region of space where an electric charge would experience a force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is electric field intensity?

<p>Electric field intensity is the force experienced by a unit charge placed in an electric field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for calculating electric field intensity?

<p>The equation for electric field intensity is E = F/q₀, where E is the electric field intensity, F is the force experienced by the charge, and q₀ is the magnitude of the charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electric field intensity is a scalar quantity.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for calculating the electric field intensity due to a point charge?

<p>The equation for calculating the electric field intensity due to a point charge is E = kQ/r², where E is the electric field intensity, k is Coulomb's constant, Q is the magnitude of the point charge, and r is the distance from the point charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The magnitude of the force on a charge is proportional to the magnitude of the electric field.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four important properties of electric field lines?

<p>The four important properties of electric field lines are: 1) They are tangent to the direction of the field at any point; 2) The density of the lines indicates the strength of the field; 3) They start from positive charges and end on negative charges; 4) They never cross each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the equations used to calculate electric field intensity, force, and Charge? (Indicate the variables used in each equation)

<p>The equations used to calculate electric field intensity, force, and charge are: 1) E = F/q (E: electric field intensity, F: force, q: charge); 2) F = Eq (E: electric field intensity, F: force, q: charge); 3) q = F/E (q: charge, F: force, E: electric field intensity).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Electric Charge & Electric Field - Lesson 1

  • Electricity's discovery is a cumulative process, not attributed to one person. It spanned from ancient observations to advancements in electromagnetism.
  • Thales of Miletus (620-550 BCE) is credited with the initial discovery of amber attracting fur in ancient Greece.
  • This early observation predates any understanding of electrical currents being put to practical use by centuries.
  • Benjamin Franklin experimented with lightning and electrical conductors. Though details are not precise, he sought to prove electrical nature of lightning.
  • Franklin wasn't alone, a French experimenter named Thomas-François Dalibard also obtained electrical discharges from thunderclouds in 1752.
  • A French experimenter, Dalibard, who read Franklin’s writings, successfully obtained an electrical discharge from a thundercloud using a metal pole.
  • Electric charge is a fundamental property of subatomic particles, causing them to experience forces in electric and magnetic fields.
  • Charged particles experience observable effects as a result of field interaction.

Types of Electric Charge

  • Electric charge comes in two types: positive and negative.
  • Protons carry positive charge (located in the nucleus of an atom). Represented by⁺.
  • Electrons carry negative charge (orbiting the atomic nucleus). Represented by⁻.
  • The distinction between charges, positive versus negative, is crucial for understanding their interaction.

Electric Attraction and Repulsion

  • Opposite charges attract each other, positive and negative.
  • Like charges repel each other, either positive and positive, or negative and negative.

Properties of Electric Charge

  • Objects with equal positive and negative charges cancel out resulting in a neutral state.
  • Electric charge is quantized. This means electric charges are discrete, only occur in integral multiples of a fundamental unit (e).
  • The value of this fundamental unit of charge is 1.6 × 10−19 C which is the charge of a single electron or proton.

Measuring Electric Charge

  • The unit of electric charge is the Coulomb (C).

  • One coulomb is the quantity of charge transferred in one second.

  • Mathematically: Q = It, where Q is the charge, I is the current, and t is the time in seconds.

  • Ampere is the unit of electric current, equal to 1 Coulomb/second. named after Andre-Marie Ampere.

  • One Ampere (A) represents 6.24×1018 charge carriers moving in one second.

  • The relationship between ampere and coulomb is represented as: Ampere = 1 Coulomb/Second

  • The total charge of a system is the algebraic sum of individual charges within it.

  • For example, a positive charge of +3 units and a negative charge of -2 units would result in a net charge of +1 unit.

  • In an isolated system, electric charge is conserved over time—not created or destroyed.

Coulomb's Law

  • The force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of their magnitudes and inversely proportional to the square of their separation distance.
  • Symbolically: F = k|q₁q₂|/r², where F is the electrostatic force, k is Coulomb's constant, q₁ and q₂ are the charges, and r is the separation distance between them. k has values of 8.988 × 109 N⋅m2/C2.
  • The electrostatic force is a vector quantity.
  • The force acts along the line joining charges.

Charging Objects

  • There are three methods of charging objects:
    • Charging by friction: Rubbing two objects transfers electrons from one to the other.
    • Charging by conduction: Transferring charge through direct contact.
    • Charging by induction: Transferring charge through interaction without direct contact, using redistribution of charges.
  • A charged item, interacts with an uncharged body; electrons transfer causing similar charges to accumulate.

Electric Field

  • An electric field is a property associated with each point in space where a charge is present.
  • This field describes how a force acting on a test charge placed at that point.
  • Electric field intensity (E) is the force per unit charge at a given point in an electric field.
    • E = F/q₀, where E is the electric field intensity, F is the electrosatic force, and q₀ is the test charge.
  • The unit of electric field intensity is Newton/Coulomb (N/C).
  • The electric field lines always start from positive charges and end on negative charges. There are four key properties of electric field lines:
    • tangent to the direction of the field
    • greater the line density, greater the magnitude of the field
    • lines start at positive charges and end on negative charges
    • lines never cross
  • The magnitude of an electric field is calculated as E = k|Q|/r2, where k is Coulomb's constant, Q is the charge, and r is the distance from the charge.

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Explore the historical development of electricity and electric charge in this quiz. From Thales of Miletus to Benjamin Franklin and beyond, learn how ancient observations laid the groundwork for our understanding of electromagnetism. Test your knowledge on key figures and events that shaped the field of electricity.

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