Electric Charge and Frictional Electricity

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Questions and Answers

What happens when two rods with similar charges are brought close together?

  • They attract each other.
  • They repel each other. (correct)
  • They become neutral.
  • They discharge electricity.

What occurs when an object is rubbed against another object in terms of electric charges?

  • An electric field is created.
  • Only the positive charge transfers.
  • One object becomes positively charged and the other negatively charged. (correct)
  • Both objects retain their original charges.

Why should experiments involving static electricity be performed in dry weather?

  • Static electricity is more powerful in dry conditions.
  • Dry conditions prevent lightning.
  • Moist air absorbs the charges of static electricity. (correct)
  • Wet weather makes materials less conductive.

What is used as a test to identify an electrically charged object?

<p>The object repels like charges. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of frictional electricity?

<p>It generates temporary static charge at the contact point. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when an atom is described as electrically neutral?

<p>It has balanced positive and negative charges. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced as a result of the interaction between clouds and air during the rainy season?

<p>Atmospheric electric charge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of charge is created by friction between two objects?

<p>Static electricity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the negative charge at the base of a cloud exceeds the charge of the ground?

<p>Charge flows downward producing energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a lightning conductor?

<p>To protect buildings from lightning strikes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the gold leaf electroscope indicate the presence of an electric charge?

<p>The leaves open up with the same charge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the pit filled with coal and salt serve in the lightning conductor system?

<p>To spread the electric charge into the ground. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the gold leaves when an uncharged object is brought near the disc of the electroscope?

<p>They remain closed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a tall object induces opposite charge due to an electrically charged cloud nearby?

<p>Induction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the lightning conductor is placed at the highest part of a building?

<p>Copper strip (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What energy forms are produced during a lightning strike?

<p>Heat, light, sound energy, and electric current (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Electrically Neutral

A state where a substance contains an equal number of positive and negative charges. This results in an overall neutral charge.

Frictional Electricity

The type of electricity generated through friction between objects. This charge is temporary and remains on the object for a short period.

Attraction

The force of attraction between two oppositely charged objects.

Repulsion

The force of repulsion between two objects carrying the same type of charge.

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Charging by Friction

The process by which an object gains a net electric charge, usually through the transfer of electrons.

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Atomic Structure and Charge

The theory stating that all matter is composed of atoms, which contain both positive and negative charges.

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Static Electricity

The phenomenon where the electric charge of an object is distributed over its surface.

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Lightning

A natural occurrence where a large discharge of electricity occurs between a cloud and the ground, or between two clouds.

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Cloud Charge Separation

The process where clouds develop opposite charges, typically with positive charge on top and negative charge on the bottom, due to friction with air particles.

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Lightning Discharge

The transfer of electrical charge in a lightning strike, flowing rapidly downward from a negatively charged cloud towards the positively charged ground.

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Lightning Conductor

A tall structure designed to protect buildings from lightning strikes, by providing a path for the electric charge to safely flow into the ground.

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Gold Leaf Electroscope

A simple device used to detect the presence of an electrical charge, consisting of a metal rod with two gold leaves that will spread apart when charged, indicating the presence of a charge.

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Electrostatic Induction

The process of charging an object by bringing a charged object close to it without direct contact, causing a redistribution of charges within the object.

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Discharging

The process of removing an electrical charge by providing a path for it to flow to the ground, effectively neutralizing the charge.

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Electrical Conductivity

The ability of a material to allow electrical charge to flow through it easily, usually metals like copper are good conductors.

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Study Notes

Electric Charge

  • Electric charge is present in all substances, but hidden because equal numbers of opposite charges exist.
  • Charges are classified as positive (+) and negative (-) by Benjamin Franklin.
  • An object is charged when its positive and negative charges are unbalanced.

Repulsion and Attraction

  • Repulsion: Similar charges repel each other.
  • Attraction: Opposite charges attract each other.
  • These principles can be used to identify charged objects through observation.

Origin of Electric Charge

  • All matter is composed of atoms, which contain positive and negative charges.
  • Atoms are normally electrically neutral because the positive and negative charges are balanced.
  • Disturbance of this balance, such as by friction, leads to a buildup of charge on objects.
  • Negative charges move from one object to another during friction, causing one object to become negatively charged and the other positively charged.

Frictional Electricity

  • Frictional electricity is produced by rubbing objects together.
  • This electricity is static, meaning the charge remains on the object for a short time.
  • Damp environments cause static electricity charges to dissipate.
  • Charged objects attract uncharged objects due to attraction forces.
  • Like charges repel each other.

Atmospheric Electricity

  • Lightning:
    • Clouds and air rubbing against each other during rainfall generate opposite charges (positive on top, negative on bottom of clouds).
    • Large negative charge build-up on cloud bases can induce lightning strikes by attracting positive charge from the ground.
    • Lightning is a rapid discharge of charge, producing heat, light, sound, and electric current.
  • Lightning Strike:
    • Happens when charged clouds pass over a tall object.
    • Induced charges cause an attraction allowing charge from the cloud to flow to the building.

Lightning Conductor

  • Protects buildings from lightning strikes.
  • A copper strip, highest point of the building, connected to an earthing plate (iron plate in a pit with ground materials)
  • Allows charge to flow into the ground, preventing damage.
  • Protective effect extends to surrounding areas.

Gold Leaf Electroscope

  • Simple device for detecting electric charge.
  • Consists of a metal rod with gold leaves.
  • Leaves repel when a charged object approaches.
  • Leaves collapse when the charge is discharged to the ground.

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