Electoral Systems: MMP vs FPTP

An electoral system that combines features of both proportional representation (PR) and single-member district (SMDP) systems, allowing voters to cast two votes - one for a specific candidate and one for a party.

A voting system where a single candidate is elected from each electoral district based on who receives the most votes, regardless of the overall percentage of votes received.

A voting system that aims to allocate seats in a legislature proportionally to the percentage of votes each party receives, allowing for greater representation of smaller parties.

A voting system used in MMP systems where voters choose a candidate from their specific electoral district. This vote determines the representative for that district.

A voting system used in MMP systems where voters choose a political party they support. This vote determines the overall proportional allocation of seats in the legislature.

A potential disadvantage of MMP systems, where the requirement for coalition governments can lead to slower decision-making and difficulty in passing legislation due to differing party agendas.

A potential advantage of MMP systems, where the proportional allocation of seats provides a more accurate representation of the electorate's political preferences compared to SMDP systems.

A potential advantage of MMP systems, offering voters two separate votes - one for a candidate and another for a party - providing greater choice and reducing tactical voting.

A system in which the candidate with the most votes in a district wins the seat, regardless of the proportion of votes received. Commonly seen in the UK and other countries.

A system in which parties receive seats based on the percentage of votes received, but a minimum threshold of votes is required for a party to gain representation in parliament. Found in Germany.

A system in which voters have two votes - one for a candidate in their district, and another for a party list. This system helps ensure greater proportionality in the legislature, allowing smaller parties to be represented.

A system in which a party's list of candidates determines the proportion of seats they receive in parliament. Voters choose a party, not a candidate.

The number of seats a party wins in parliament is directly proportional to the percentage of votes they received in the election.

A system in which electoral votes are allocated to the candidate who wins the most votes in a state.

A system in which voters choose electors who then vote for the President. Each state receives electors based on its representation in Congress.

A system in which the party with the most votes (not necessarily a majority) forms the government.

The practice of drawing electoral district boundaries to favor one party or group over another.

A strategy in which voters choose to vote for a less preferred candidate to increase the chances of defeating a more disliked candidate.

A situation where a party forms a government despite not having the majority of votes.

A situation where two or more parties share power in a government.

The power of a state to influence the outcome of an election disproportionately. States with higher vote concentration have a greater impact on the outcome.

A system in which the candidate with the most votes in a district wins the seat, regardless of the proportion of votes received.

A system in which the government is formed by the party or coalition with the most seats in the legislature.