Electoral Systems and Representation

<p>Majoritarian systems tend to exaggerate the seat share of larger parties, while proportional systems aim for a closer match between votes and seats. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A set of rules that governs the conduct of elections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PR guarantees representation for diverse groups often excluded under majoritarian systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First Past The Post (FPTP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plurality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The candidate with the most votes in a constituency wins, even without a majority. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Party List (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensures proportional representation in the assembly/parliament. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They create two classes of representatives with differing levels of security and responsibility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents achieving high levels of proportionality in the overall election results. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From FPTP to pure PR, and then evolving toward a mixed system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The state of the economy and personal financial optimism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal self-interest and perceived benefits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By suggesting voters act as consumers, choosing between policy options. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It neglects the importance of the individual and the role of personal self-interest. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a retrospective comment on the performance of the party in power. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By revising and reshaping their policies to align with voter preferences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difficulty for small radical parties to win seats and establish credibility due to the system's structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to unaccountable government because the legislature is often subordinate to the executive, due to the governing party's majority. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It distorts electoral preferences by under-representing smaller parties with geographically evenly distributed support. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can promote gerrymandering, where boundaries are manipulated to favor a particular party or candidate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The party they wish to support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are used to determine which candidates from each party will be allocated seats in the legislature. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The entire country is treated as a single constituency, or there are large multi-member constituencies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allocate seats in direct proportion to the votes each party receives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A voter in the UK consistently supporting the Labour party because they are a member of a trade union. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating a pre-election economic boom through increased spending or tax cuts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A long-term psychological attachment to a particular political party. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increasing trend of partisan dealignment, where voters are less attached to parties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By replacing the party leader to improve the party's public image. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A voter adopting the same party affiliation as their parents from a young age. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sociological model links voting to group membership, while party-identification stresses long-term psychological attachment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attitudes toward leaders tend to be developed based on party identification. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A set of rules governing the conduct of elections.

Electoral systems where candidates with most votes win, often favoring larger parties.

An electoral system that allocates seats based on the percentage of votes received.

A preferential voting system where voters rank candidates in order of preference.

Majority systems often lead to larger party dominance; proportional aims for equal representation.

An electoral system ensuring proportional representation in parliament.

Issues include low proportionality and dual class of representatives.

Transitioned from FPTP to PR and now a mixed system since 2001.

The study of how personal and economic factors influence voter choices.

Economic conditions like unemployment affect government popularity.

First Past the Post (FPTP) provides clear representation and mandates for government.

FPTP wastes votes and under-represents smaller parties, leading to limited choices.

Single parties often gain majority control under FPTP, leading to stable governance.

FPTP tends to favor two major parties, discouraging smaller parties.

FPTP can undermine government legitimacy, often resulting in minority support.

The practice of manipulating constituency boundaries to influence election outcomes.

A proportional system where voters choose parties, not candidates, allocating seats accordingly.

PR ensures seats are gained based on the percentage of votes in elections, not individuals.

Electoral systems combining majoritarian and proportional systems, like FPTP and Party List.

A majoritarian voting system where the candidate with the most votes wins, without needing a majority.

When a candidate receives more votes than others, but not a majority (over 50%).

Establishes a clear link between constituents and representatives, ensuring accountability.

The arrangement of political parties often reflecting social class divisions.

Voting as a rational act based on personal self-interest.

Voters express choices based on specific policy options.

Weakening of the connection between social class and political party identification.

Voters reflect on the current party's past performance when voting.

A government effort to stimulate the economy before elections to gain re-election.

The impact of a party leader's personality and public standing on electoral success.

Voting behavior theory based on psychological attachment to a political party.

Creates stability and continuity in voting habits over time.

Decreasing loyalty to parties and changing voting behavior.

Links voting behavior to group membership and social position.

Electors adopt voting patterns reflecting their group affiliations.

Key factors like class, gender, and race influence voter alignment in the sociological model.