Elasticity of Demand and Supply

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Questions and Answers

If the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change in price, what type of demand elasticity is observed?

  • Inelastic
  • Unitary
  • Elastic (correct)
  • Perfectly inelastic

What condition defines perfectly inelastic demand?

  • Any change in price leads to a significant change in quantity demanded.
  • The quantity demanded does not change at all when the price changes. (correct)
  • A small change in price leads to an infinite change in quantity demanded.
  • The percentage change in quantity demanded equals the percentage change in price.

Which scenario indicates unitary elasticity of demand?

  • A change in price has no impact on quantity demanded.
  • A 10% increase in price leads to a 10% decrease in quantity demanded. (correct)
  • A 10% increase in price leads to a 5% decrease in quantity demanded.
  • A 5% decrease in price leads to a 10% increase in quantity demanded.

How is the elasticity of demand calculated?

<p>Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded / Percentage Change in Price (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an elasticity of supply equal to zero imply?

<p>Quantity supplied does not change at all when price changes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the slope of a demand curve typically appear?

<p>Downward sloping from left to right (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of elasticity is indicated when a product is considered highly sensitive to price changes?

<p>Elastic Supply (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best describes goods with inelastic supply?

<p>Food and gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the price of a product increases from $10 to $12, and the quantity demanded decreases from 20 units to 15 units, calculate the percentage change in quantity demanded.

<p>-22.22% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the demand schedule data: Price (Php) 250, Quantity Demanded 20 and Price (Php) 200, Quantity Demanded 30. Calculate the percentage change in demand.

<p>40% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the demand schedule data: Price (Php) 250, Quantity Demanded 20 and Price (Php) 200, Quantity Demanded 30. Calculate the percentage change in price.

<p>-22.22% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The price of concert tickets increases from $50 to $60, and as a result, the quantity demanded decreases from 1,000 to 800. What type of elasticity of demand do these tickets exhibit?

<p>Elastic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assume the price elasticity of supply for gasoline is 0.2. If the price of gasoline increases by 10%, what will be the expected change in the quantity supplied?

<p>Quantity supplied will increase by 2% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a university increases its tuition fees by 8%, and as a result, the number of students enrolling decreases by 4%, what type of demand is demonstrated?

<p>Inelastic Demand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The government imposes a new tax on a product, causing its price to increase significantly. If the quantity demanded of the product remains almost unchanged, what does this indicate about the nature of demand for the product?

<p>The product has inelastic demand. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A local bakery decides to lower the price of its signature bread by 15%. As a result, the quantity demanded increases by 20%. What does this situation imply about the price elasticity of demand for the bakery's signature bread?

<p>Demand is elastic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company that sells smartphone finds that when it raises the price of its latest model by 5%, its sales drop by 15%. What type of demand does the smartphone exhibit?

<p>Elastic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A life-saving medicine has a perfectly inelastic demand. If the price of this medicine increases, what will happen to the quantity demanded?

<p>The quantity demanded will not change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A popular music streaming service decreases its monthly subscription fee by 10%, resulting in a 25% increase in the number of subscribers. What does this scenario suggest about the demand for the music streaming service?

<p>The demand is elastic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose a company increases the supply of its product by 15%, and the market price decreases by 5%. What can be inferred about the elasticity of demand for the product?

<p>The demand is elastic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When computing elasticity, what is the standard practice regarding the number of decimal places to include in the final answer?

<p>Two decimal places (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of elasticity of supply?

<p>The responsiveness of the supply of a good or service to a change in its market price. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes elastic supply from inelastic supply?

<p>Elastic supply has a value less than 1, while inelastic supply has a value greater than 1. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assuming the supply of a certain type of artwork is perfectly inelastic, what would be the result of an increase in demand for this artwork?

<p>The price would increase, but the quantity supplied would remain unchanged. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the formulas for calculating percentage change in quantity demanded and percentage change in price, what step must be taken before computing the elasticity of demand?

<p>Indicate the percentage change in demand and price (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between a supply curve and a demand curve?

<p>A supply curve slopes upward from left to right, while a demand curve slopes downward from left to right. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the supply schedule data: PRICE (Php) 100, QUANTITY SUPPLIED 10 and PRICE (Php) 150, QUANTITY SUPPLIED 20. Calculate the percentage change in supply.

<p>66.67% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the supply schedule data: PRICE (Php) 100, QUANTITY SUPPLIED 10 and PRICE (Php) 150, QUANTITY SUPPLIED 20. Calculate the percentage change in price.

<p>40% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A store increases the price of chocolates. Although there were originally 100 bars sold at $$1, after the price rises to $$1.25, 90 bars are sold. What is the price elasticity of demand?

<p>-0.40 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Elasticity of Demand

Measures how much the quantity demanded changes with a change in price.

Elasticity of Demand Formula

The formula is: Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded/ Percentage Change in Price.

Demand Curve

A graph showing the relationship between the price and quantity demanded.

Elastic Demand

Demand changes significantly with price changes.

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Inelastic Demand

Demand changes little with price changes.

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Unitary Demand

Demand changes proportionally with price.

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Perfectly Elastic Demand

Any price increase will cause demand to drop to zero.

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Perfectly Inelastic Demand

Quantity demanded does not change regardless of price.

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Elasticity of Supply

Measures how much the quantity supplied responds to a change in market price.

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Elasticity of Supply Formula

The formula is: Percentage Change in Quantity Supplied/ Percentage Change in Price.

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Elastic Supply

Supply is sensitive to price changes; luxury goods.

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Inelastic Supply

Supply is not sensitive to price changes; food or gas.

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Unitary Supply

Quantity supplied changes by the same percentage as the price.

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Perfectly Elastic Supply

Supply will change to any extend when there is a variation of price.

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Perfectly Inelastic Supply

Quantity supplied doesn't change regardless of price.

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Study Notes

  • Lesson 3 will address elasticity of demand and supply in basic microeconomics.
  • The aim is to compare and contrast income elasticity of demand and elasticity of supply as well as identify the similarities between demand elasticity and supply elasticity.

Elasticity of Demand

  • Measures the change in product demand relative to a change in its price.
  • Elasticity of Demand = Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded / Percentage Change in Price
  • Computing elasticity always requires using two decimal places.
  • Percentage Change in Demand = [Quantity Demanded (2) - Quantity Demanded (1)] / [Quantity Demanded (1) + Quantity Demanded (2)] x 100%
  • Percentage Change in Price = [Price (2) – Price (1)] / [Price (1) + Price (2) / 2] x 100%
  • If elasticity of demand is negative, the absolute value is used and elasticities are expressed as positive numbers

Demand Schedule

  • Example of demand schedule for PE t-shirts at your school on August 1, 2020:
    • Price (Php) 300 = Quantity Demanded 10
    • Price (Php) 250 = Quantity Demanded 20
    • Price (Php) 200 = Quantity Demanded 30
    • Price (Php) 150 = Quantity Demanded 40
    • Price (Php) 100 = Quantity Demanded 50

Demand Curve

  • A graph of the demand schedule that shows the relationship between the price and quantity demanded
  • It slopes downward from left to right.

Types of Elasticity of Demand

  • Perfectly elastic = % change in quantity divided by % change in price = ∞
  • Elastic = % change in quantity divided by % change in price > 1
  • Unitary = % change in quantity divided by % change in price = 1
  • Inelastic = % change in quantity divided by % change in price < 1
  • Perfectly inelastic = % change in quantity divided by % change in price = 0

Elastic Demand

  • value is higher than 1
  • Indicates a high responsiveness to changes in price

Inelastic Demand

  • Value is lower than 1 (decimals)
  • Indicates low responsiveness to price changes.

Unitary Demand

  • Value is exactly 1
  • Indicates proportional responsiveness of either demand or supply.

Perfectly Elastic Demand

  • Value is infinite
  • Response to price is complete and infinite.

Perfectly Inelastic Demand

  • Value is 0/ Zero
  • There is no change in quantity when price changes.

Elasticity of Supply

  • The responsiveness of a supply of a good or service after a change in its market price.
  • Elasticity of Supply = Percentage Change in Quantity Supplied / Percentage Change in Price
  • Computing elasticity always requires using two decimal places.

Supply Schedule

  • Example supply schedule for PE T-shirts at your school on August 1, 2020
    • Price (Php) 300 = Quantity Supplied 50
    • Price (Php) 250 = Quantity Supplied 40
    • Price (Php) 200 = Quantity Supplied 30
    • Price (Php) 150 = Quantity Supplied 20
    • Price (Php) 100 = Quantity Supplied 10
  • Supply Curve illustrating data from T-Shirt supply schedule slopes upward from left to right.

Types of Elasticity of Supply

  • Elastic Supply Value is less than 1
  • Products are considered sensitive to price changes.
    • Luxury goods and non-necessary items fall into this category.
  • Inelastic Supply Value greater than 1
  • Product is not sensitive to price movements.
    • Food and gas are examples of inelastic supply goods.
  • Unitary Supply value is equal to 1
  • The quantity supplied changes by the same percentage as the change in price.
  • Perfectly Elastic Supply value is an infinite number.
  • When a good's elasticity of supply equals infinity
    • The good is said to have perfect elasticity.
  • Perfectly Inelastic Supply value is equal to 0/ Zero.
  • A change in price leads to no change in quantity.

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