Elastic Behavior in Engineering and Materials Quiz

Study Flashcards Play Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the recommended radius for a thicker rope?

3 cm

Why are ropes made of a number of thin wires braided together?

For ease in manufacture, flexibility, and strength

What is the relation for the amount of sag in a loaded bar of length l, breadth b, and depth d?

δ = Wl^3 / (4bd^3Y)

What should be increased to reduce bending for a given load?

Depth of the material Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bending of a deep bar due to the load not being at the right place?

Buckling Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape shown in Fig. 8.7(c) designed to reduce in a beam?

Weight Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using pillars or columns in buildings and bridges?

To provide support Signup and view all the answers

What type of pillar supports less load than the one with a distributed shape at the ends?

Pillar with rounded ends Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition under which the maximum height of a mountain on earth can be provided?

Shearing stress to the rocks Signup and view all the answers

What does the force per unit area due to the weight of the mountain provide at the bottom of a mountain?

Shear component Signup and view all the answers

Why do beams used in construction of bridges and supports have a cross-section of the type I?

To distribute the load efficiently and resist bending Signup and view all the answers

Why does a heap of sand or a hill have a pyramidal shape?

To increase stability and prevent collapse Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for using a thick metal rope in cranes for lifting heavy loads?

To prevent permanent deformation of the rope Signup and view all the answers

What does the area of cross-section of the rope in a crane depend on?

The weight of the load and the yield strength of the material Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the yield strength of a material in the context of designing a crane rope?

It indicates the maximum stress the material can withstand without permanent deformation Signup and view all the answers

Why is precise knowledge of the elastic behaviour of materials essential in engineering designs?

To ensure the structural integrity and safety of the designed structures Signup and view all the answers

In the context of designing a crane, why is it important for the rope's extension to not exceed the elastic limit?

To prevent the rope from breaking under excessive stress Signup and view all the answers

What does the area of cross-section of the rope in a crane depend on?

The weight of the load and the yield strength of the material Signup and view all the answers

Why is the yield strength of a material important in the context of designing a crane rope?

It indicates the maximum stress the material can withstand without permanent deformation Signup and view all the answers

Why is precise knowledge of the elastic behaviour of materials essential in engineering designs?

To ensure the structural integrity and safety of the designed structures Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The elastic behaviour of materials is not important in everyday life.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The study of structural engineering is not based on concepts developed from the elastic behaviour of materials.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The area of cross-section of the rope in a crane should be at least A ≥ W/σy.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Mild steel has a yield strength of about 300 × 10^6 N m–2.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The area of cross-section (A) of the rope should be 3.3 × 10^-4 m2 for a crane with a lifting capacity of 10 tonnes.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Cranes used for lifting heavy loads from one place to another do not require precise knowledge of the elastic behaviour of materials.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The elastic limit of the rope in a crane should not be exceeded to prevent permanent deformation.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The extension of the rope in a crane should exceed the elastic limit to accommodate heavier loads.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The shape of the beams used in construction of bridges and supports is irrelevant to their structural integrity.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The use of thick metal rope in cranes for lifting heavy loads is not based on the elastic behaviour of materials.

False Signup and view all the answers

Thicker ropes of radius about 3 cm are recommended for cranes due to their ability to withstand large loads and bending.

True Signup and view all the answers

A single wire of the recommended radius for crane ropes would practically be a rigid rod.

True Signup and view all the answers

Increasing the depth of a bar, rather than the breadth, is more effective in reducing bending for a given load.

True Signup and view all the answers

The cross-sectional shape shown in Fig. 8.7(c) reduces the weight of the beam without sacrificing strength.

True Signup and view all the answers

A pillar with rounded ends supports more load than one with a distributed shape at the ends.

False Signup and view all the answers

The maximum height of a mountain on earth can be provided by considering the elastic properties of rocks.

True Signup and view all the answers

The force per unit area due to the weight of the mountain at the bottom is a case of pressure or bulk compression.

False Signup and view all the answers

A hill has a pyramidal shape due to the someshearing stress on the rocks at the bottom.

False Signup and view all the answers

The use of beams and columns is not common in the design of buildings.

False Signup and view all the answers

The elastic limit for a typical rock is approximately 30 × 10^7 N m-2.

True Signup and view all the answers

Thicker ropes of radius about ______ are recommended for cranes due to their ability to withstand large loads and bending.

1 cm Signup and view all the answers

Have you ever thought why the beams used in construction of bridges, as supports etc. have a cross-section of the type ________?

I Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bending of a deep bar due to the load not being at the right place?

sag Signup and view all the answers

Why does a heap of sand or a hill have a ______ shape?

pyramidal Signup and view all the answers

In the context of designing a crane, why is it ______ for the rope's extension to not exceed the elastic limit?

important Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape shown in Fig. 8.7(c) designed to reduce in a beam?

weight Signup and view all the answers

The elastic limit for a typical rock is approximately ________ N m-2.

30 × 10^7 Signup and view all the answers

Why is the yield strength of a material ______ in the context of designing a crane rope?

important Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended radius for a thicker rope?

1 cm Signup and view all the answers

Why are ropes made of a number of thin wires ______ together?

braided Signup and view all the answers

Thicker ropes of radius about 3 cm are recommended for cranes due to their ability to withstand large loads and bending.

thicker Signup and view all the answers

The force per unit area due to the weight of the mountain at the bottom is a case of ______ or bulk compression.

pressure Signup and view all the answers

What does the force per unit area due to the weight of the mountain provide at the bottom of a mountain?

pressure Signup and view all the answers

What type of pillar supports less load than the one with a distributed shape at the ends?

rounded Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the yield strength of a material in the context of designing a crane rope?

important Signup and view all the answers

True or ______: The area of cross-section (A) of the rope should be 3.3 × 10^-4 m2 for a crane with a lifting capacity of 10 tonnes.

false Signup and view all the answers

What does the area of cross-section of the rope in a crane depend on?

load Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for using a thick metal rope in cranes for lifting heavy loads?

strength Signup and view all the answers

A hill has a ______ shape due to the someshearing stress on the rocks at the bottom.

pyramidal Signup and view all the answers

Why is precise knowledge of the elastic behaviour of materials ______ in engineering designs?

essential Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their primary usage:

Thicker ropes of radius about 3 cm = Ability to withstand large loads and bending Single wire of recommended radius for crane ropes = Practically a rigid rod Increasing the depth of a bar, rather than the breadth = More effective in reducing bending for a given load Cross-sectional shape shown in Fig. 8.7(c) = Reduces the weight of the beam without sacrificing strength Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their significance in engineering designs:

Young’s modulus Y = Reduces the bending for a given load Elastic limit for a typical rock = Determines the maximum height of a mountain on earth Force per unit area due to the weight of the mountain at the bottom = Provides shearing stress to the rocks Precise knowledge of the elastic behaviour of materials = Essential in designing bridges and buildings Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their common compromise in design:

Braiding thin wires together = For ease in manufacture, flexibility, and strength The use of pillars or columns in buildings and bridges = Rounded ends vs distributed shape at the ends The area of cross-section of the rope in a crane = Depends on the load it needs to withstand The shape in Fig. 8.7(c) for beams = Provides a large load-bearing surface and enough depth to prevent bending Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their impact on reducing bending of a beam:

Increasing the depth d rather than the breadth b = More effective in reducing bending for a given load The cross-sectional shape shown in Fig. 8.7(c) = Reduces the weight of the beam without sacrificing strength The use of pillars or columns in buildings and bridges = Rounded ends vs distributed shape at the ends Thicker ropes of radius about 3 cm = Ability to withstand large loads and bending Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their role in the design of structures:

Pillars or columns = Very common in buildings and bridges The shape in Fig. 8.7(c) for beams = Reduces the weight of the beam without sacrificing strength Braiding thin wires together = For ease in manufacture, flexibility, and strength Increasing the depth of a bar = More effective in reducing bending for a given load Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the elastic behavior of materials in engineering designs?

The elastic behavior of materials is essential in engineering designs as it provides crucial knowledge for structural design, load-bearing capacity, and preventing permanent deformations. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the yield strength of a material important in the context of designing a crane rope?

The yield strength of a material is important in designing a crane rope to ensure that the rope does not deform permanently and that its extension does not exceed the elastic limit. Signup and view all the answers

Why do beams used in construction of bridges and supports have a cross-section of the type I?

Beams used in construction of bridges and supports have a cross-section of the type I to provide strength and support for the structure. Signup and view all the answers

What does the area of cross-section of the rope in a crane depend on?

The area of cross-section of the rope in a crane depends on the lifting capacity and the yield strength of the material used for the rope. Signup and view all the answers

Why does a heap of sand or a hill have a pyramidal shape?

A heap of sand or a hill has a pyramidal shape due to the distribution of pressure and shear stress on the rocks at the bottom. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of using a large margin of safety and thicker ropes in engineering designs to withstand loads and bending.

A large margin of safety, typically a factor of ten in the load, is recommended to ensure stability in engineering designs. Thicker ropes, usually made of a number of thin wires braided together, are used to provide flexibility, strength, and to prevent excessive bending under load. Signup and view all the answers

How can the bending of a beam under a load be reduced for a given material?

To reduce the bending of a beam under a load for a given material, one should use a material with a large Young’s modulus. Increasing the depth of the beam is more effective in reducing the bending, while the length of the span should be as small as possible. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the cross-sectional shape shown in Fig. 8.7(c) in the context of reducing the weight of the beam without sacrificing strength.

The cross-sectional shape shown in Fig. 8.7(c) provides a large load-bearing surface and enough depth to prevent bending. This shape reduces the weight of the beam without sacrificing the strength, thereby reducing the cost of the structure. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the use of pillars or columns common in buildings and bridges?

Pillars or columns are commonly used in buildings and bridges to provide support and stability. The design of pillars, such as those with distributed shapes at the ends, impacts the load-bearing capacity and overall structural integrity of the construction. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the elastic properties of rocks are considered in determining the maximum height of a mountain on earth.

The elastic properties of rocks are considered in determining the maximum height of a mountain on earth. The force per unit area due to the weight of the mountain at the bottom should be less than the critical shearing stress at which the rocks flow, ensuring the stability and integrity of the mountain structure. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Applications of Elastic Behavior of Materials

Elastic behavior of materials plays a crucial role in everyday life and is essential for precise engineering designs
Knowledge of elastic behavior is necessary for designing structures such as buildings, bridges, and supports
Beams used in construction of bridges and supports have a cross-section of the type I shape due to the understanding of elastic behavior
Heaps of sand and hills have a pyramidal shape due to the concept of elastic behavior
Cranes used for lifting and moving heavy loads require a precise understanding of elastic behavior to ensure the rope does not deform permanently

Design Considerations for Cranes

To design a crane with a lifting capacity of 10 tonnes, the steel rope must be thick enough to withstand the load without exceeding the elastic limit
The yield strength (σy) of mild steel is approximately 300 × 10^6 N m^-2
The area of cross-section (A) of the rope should be at least A ≥ W/σy = Mg/σy
For a crane with a lifting capacity of 10 tonnes, the area of cross-section of the rope should be at least 3.3 × 10^-4 m^2, corresponding to a radius of about 1 cm for a rope of circular cross-section

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.