ELAD 104: People & Vocabulary

Chapter 1 Overview: People

• ELAD 104 focuses on Chapter 1, which is about people and vocabulary development.

Chapter Outline Key Topics

• Family Vocabulary
• Exploring the Family Tree
• Family Context Expressions
• Common Mistakes in Family Vocabulary
• Birth, Marriage, and Death Vocabulary
• Marriage Expressions and Common Mistakes
• Body Parts Vocabulary
• Pronunciation Challenges
• Clothing Vocabulary Basics and Plural Forms
• Use of Clothing Verbs
• Describing People (Height, Weight, Face, Hair)
• Health and Illness Vocabulary, including common problems and solutions
• Feelings vocab revolving around Love, Like, and Hate
• Expressing Feelings (Happy and Sad)
• Daily expressions, like greetings and wishes
• Expressions for making suggestions and agreement
• Everyday Interactions
• Special Occasions
• Tips for improving vocabulary usage

Introduction to Family Vocabulary

• Family vocabulary is vital for understanding relationships.
• Parents: e.g., Ivan and Anne are parents to Karen and Jack.
• Siblings: e.g., Karen is Jack's sister; Jack is Karen's brother.
• Grandparents: e.g., Henry and Diana are grandparents to Karen and Jack.
• Aunts and Uncles: e.g., George is their uncle; Amelia and Meena are their aunts.
• Cousins: e.g., Kavita and Ravi are cousins.
• Understanding these terms helps construct sentences like, "Karen is Henry and Diana's granddaughter."

Exploring the Family Tree: The Sorokin Family

• Ivan is Anne's husband, and is father to Karen and Jack.
• Anne is Ivan's wife, and mother to Karen and Jack.
• Karen and Jack are their children; Karen is Jack's sister, and Jack is Karen's brother.

Exploring the Family Tree: Henry and Diana

• Henry is Karen and Jack's grandfather.
• Diana is Karen and Jack's grandmother.
• Karen is their granddaughter, and Jack is their grandson.

Exploring the Family Tree: Extended Family

• George is Karen and Jack's uncle.
• Amelia and Meena are Karen and Jack's aunts.
• Kavita and Ravi are Karen and Jack's cousins.
• Karen and Jack are the niece and nephew of Amelia, George, and Meena.

Family Context Expressions

• Common questions include "Have you got any brothers and sisters?"
• "Do you come from a big family?" is a frequent inquiry when meeting people.
• Examples include: "Yes, I have three brothers and two sisters," and "No, I am an only child."

Common Mistakes

• It's correct to say 'my/his wife' (singular) but 'our/their wives' (plural).
• Instead of 'I am very happy for your news,' the correct form is 'I am very happy about your news.'
• The proper expression is "People are tall," not "People are high".

Common Mistakes in Family Vocabulary

• It's correct to say 'my/his wife' (singular) but 'our/their wives' (plural).
• Correct phrasing is 'Sarah married Harry', not 'Sarah got married to Harry'.
• The expression is 'Harry is dead,' not 'Harry is died' or 'Harry is death'.
• Use of singular and plural forms needs extra attention, e.g., 'one tooth' and 'two teeth'.
• Always use possessive pronouns with body parts, e.g., 'Katie is washing her hair' (not 'Katie is washing the hair').

Birth, Marriage, and Death Vocabulary

• 'Born' refers to the act of coming into life; for instance, "Anna had a baby yesterday; he was born at 1.15 yesterday morning."
• 'Married' describes the union between partners, e.g., "Harry and Sarah got married in 2001."
• 'Died' is used in the context of death, for instance, "Then Harry became ill. He died last year".

Marriage Expressions and Common Mistakes

• "If you do not have a partner, you are single."
• "If you have a husband or wife, you are married."
• "If your husband or wife dies, you are widowed."
• "If your marriage breaks up, you are separated or divorced."
• "Harry and Sarah got married in 2001; using 'got married' without 'to' is more formal."
• The common mistakes include not say 'Sarah got married to Harry' instead, "Sarah got married with Harry".
• Use 'Married to' and not 'married with' when referring to a spouse.

Parts of the Body Vocabulary

• Head and Face: hair, eye, nose, tooth/teeth, ear, mouth, lip, neck.
• Arm and Leg: shoulder, arm, hand, finger, thumb, leg, knee, foot/feet, toe.
• Rest of the Body: chest, back, side, waist, stomach, hip, heart, brain.

Pronunciation Challenges with Body Parts

• Eye: /aɪ/
• Knee: /niː/
• Stomach: /ˈstʌmək/
• Heart: /hɑːt/
• Blood: /blʌd/

Clothing Vocabulary Basics

• Basic clothing: coat, jacket, scarf, gloves, shoes, trainers, boots, suit, hat, skirt, tie, socks, T-shirt, watch, shirt, dress, ring, belt, sweater/jumper.
• Plural clothing items: trousers, jeans, shorts, tights, glasses, pyjamas.
• You wear clothes, but you carry things.
• You get dressed/put you clothes on in the morning.
• You get undressed/take your clothes off in the night.

Plural Words in Clothing Vocabulary

• Trousers always require a plural verb.
• Jeans are considered plural in English.
• Shorts must be used in plural form.
• Tights are always plural.
• Glasses is always plural.
• Example sentences: My suit is new but these trousers are old. and Her jeans / shorts / tights are blue.
• You say “a pair of” trousers / shorts / glasses.

Verbs Used with Clothing

• You wear clothes but carry things. I.e., You wear glasses.
• You get dressed/put your clothes on in the morning with the correct verb.
• You get undressed/take your clothes off at night with the correct verb.
• You put clothes on but you don’t “put clothes off”.
• You need to phrase “Now I’m putting on my socks” and not the incorrect version.

Describing People: Height and Weight

• A very tall woman is called - Bettina Schwenke
• Someone who is quite short is called - Tom Jakes
• If you are neither tall or short you are of medium height
• Agata Sanchez is really slim
• Avoid Impolite Expressions and use polite terms like 'slim' instead of 'thin' and 'overweight' instead of 'fat'

Describing People: Face and Hair

• Vocabulary is used for describing facial features.
• Suri has dark skin and dark hair.
• Polly has blonde (or fair) hair and fair skin.
• Ben has a beard and long hair.
• Luca has a moustache and short hair.
• A person can say "My mother is a very beautiful woman."

Health and Illness Vocabulary

• Common Health Expressions include 'How are you today?' and 'I’m very well, thanks.'
• Everyday Health Problems include 'headache', 'toothache', and 'cold', with questions like 'Have you got an aspirin?'
• Long-term Health Issues are 'hay fever' and 'asthma', including symptoms like 'sneezing' and 'difficulty breathing'.
• Serious Illnesses are 'cancer' and 'heart attacks', and might ask the question 'My father went to hospital when he had a heart attack.'

Common Health Problems and Solutions

• Common Health Problems: headache, toothache, a cold, asthma, and malaria
• Example Phrases: I’ve got a headache. /'hedeIk/ I’ve got toothache. /ˈtuːθeɪk/, I’ve got a cold , My little brother has asthma; sometimes he can’t breathe. /ˈæsmə/
• Suggested Remedies and Expressions: Can you get a doctor, please? I need to go to the dentist, I’m going to bed with a hot drink, and I think I’m going to be sick! (I want to vomit.)

Feelings Vocabulary: Love, Like, and Hate

• Common phrases that use these include 'I love my family and my best friend' using a strong, positive emotion.
• Phrases like 'I like my job' indicate a moderate positive feeling; less intense than love.
• The use of the word statement indicates strong bad feelings as well, like 'I hate spiders' using an intense aversion.

Expressing Feelings: Happy and Sad

• Vocabulary for Happiness includes saying 'I love my family and my best friend' and 'I like my job' and 'I’m fine, thanks'.
• Vocabulary for Sadness includes saying 'I don’t feel very well', 'I feel ill. Can you get a doctor, please?', and 'I don’t like horror films'.

Daily Expressions: Greetings and Wishes

• Common Greetings: 'Good morning,' 'Good afternoon,' 'Good evening.'.
• Asking About Wellbeing: 'How are you?' and responses like 'Fine, thanks. And you?'.
• Special Wishes: 'Happy Birthday!' to those celebrating and 'Happy / Merry Christmas!'.
• Expressions for Good Luck: 'Good luck!' are used often when someone is facing an exam or interviewing for a job.

Common Mistakes in Greetings

• On someone's birthday, say "Happy Birthday" rather than "Congratulations".
• When leaving its appropriate to say 'Goodnight' instead of arriving and saying it.
• When asking for something, we usually say 'Please' instead of just saying the thing.
• Say 'Thank you' or 'Cheers' (informal) for someone who did something nice for you.
• Use 'Good luck!' for an exam or job interview

Useful Words and Expressions

• Actually means 'in reality', e.g., "People say bad things about her, but she’s actually very nice."
• Really means 'very', e.g. "The book is really good."
• Else means 'in addition or different', e.g., "Do you want to buy anything else?"

Common Mistakes with Useful Expressions

• Actually does not mean now [ false friend]
• A sentence needs to be I like football, and not I very like football.
• Use I am agree instead of I agree.
• Dont sayHow about go …'. Instead of ‘How about going'.

Expressions for Making Suggestions

• "How about / What about the new Angelina Jolie film?"
• "Let's go and see a film and then have a meal."
• "Why don’t we go to the cinema this evening?"
• "Would you like to grab a coffee later?"
• "Shall we try that new restaurant?"

Expressions for Making Suggestions: Common Mistakes

• Avoid stating “Why dont we going” and instead say "Why don’t we go …".
• You need to "How about going …" and not "How about go".
• You need to "Let’s meet at the park later." instead of "Let’s meeting at the park later.".
• “How about we watch a movie?” rather than “How about we watches a movie?"

Agreeing Expressions

• Use the common expressions include: 'I completely agree,' 'That's right,' and 'I think so too' to give off an air of good convey agreement.
• Polite Agreement can simply be that you Use the agreement phrases like expressing you see their point.
• In English a common mistake it to “I agree to” instead of “I agree with.” Correct usage can be 'I agree with your idea.'

Conversations: Everyday Interactions

• Everyday Greetings: Common phrases include 'Good morning,' 'Good afternoon,' 'Good evening,' How are you?' And commonly replies with"Fine thanks".
• Polite Farewells: People often say and commonly use phrases"Goodbye" and “See you soon!”, the term 'Goodnight' is always said when someone goes to sleep.
• Expressions of Gratitude can simply be done by saying thank to a person in need.
• Wishes for Special Occasions: Simply spread happy thoughts and relay phrases such as 'HappyNew Year'.

Expressions for Special Occasions

• Common Expression is saying Happy Birthday! or Happy / Merry Christmas! as well as Happy New Year! for celebration.
• You can tell someone saying 'Good luck!' is a well know tradition.
• Always say "Congratulations! / Well done!"

Expressions for Special Occasions: Usage Notes

• Use 'Happy Birthday' when celebrating someone's birthday not Congratulations but you can Say 'Good luck!' for exams or interviews.
• 'Well done!' is commonly said when someone achieves something special. And is often said as a point or success.

Common Mistakes in Special Occasion Expressions

• The person may say: 'Happy Birthday' or make a general statement and not Congratulations, which is the appropriate and specific thing.
• As commonly put, ensure when doing a special occasion, "Common phrases of happy wishes and joy are generally said".

Summary of Vocabulary and Common Mistakes

• This presentation covers the important vocabulary around family, 'grandfather,' 'aunt,' and 'cousin.' It’s good to always learn common mistakes in vocabulary such as 'wife'. There singular versus 'wives' if its plural. - While talking about relationships and talking about birth, marriage, and often there is a death in there where it becomes more of a talking point. And the correct way of saying "He/She was born" can be another common vocabulary. Expressions and language around "I WEAR CLOTHES"

Tips for Improving Vocabulary Usage

• If you engage with the language daily this helps with practice. And you have to read, write and speak to improve and you vocabulary increases. Using a wrong verb tense also causes an ick factor.
• And to keep working on that, use reading helps as mentioned before. Try reading magazines or even using books.
• Always work to say “Congratulations" if you improve in everyday things, I noticed. So don’t keep making mistakes, review them.