EL100 Reviewer: Language Theories
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Questions and Answers

What is the main concern of the Social Interaction Theory regarding the origin of language?

  • The supernatural origin of language
  • The use of gestures in communication
  • Language as a means of coordinating activities and cooperation (correct)
  • Humans imitating sounds in nature

    • Which branch of science studies how people produce sounds and the evolution of language?

  • Natural Science (correct)
  • Cultural Science
  • Formal Science
  • Social Science

    • What is the main idea behind the Onomatopoeia Theory?

  • Language originated from God or a supernatural being
  • Language developed as a means of coordinating activities
  • Language emerged from gestures
  • Language began with people imitating the sounds of nature (correct)

    • What is the term for language's ability to refer to itself?

    <p>Reflexivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of language to be used to make false statements or talk about fictional narratives?

    <p>Prevarication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of science conducts research on the history of languages and how they evolved?

    <p>Social Science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the Divine Origin Theory?

    <p>Language is a gift from God or a supernatural being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of humans to communicate and interact with each other?

    <p>Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a classical language?

    <p>It has significant historical and literary importance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Morphology?

    <p>The actual forms used to realize morphemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a lingua franca used for?

    <p>As a common means of communication between speakers of different native languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of inventing new words?

    <p>Coinage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for words that cannot stand alone and are typically attached to another form?

    <p>Bound morphemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Speech Act Theory?

    <p>The use of language to achieve an objective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Pragmalinguistics?

    <p>The integration of pragmatics and grammar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Sociopragmatics?

    <p>The social dimensions of pragmatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for words that describe a verb, an adjective, or another adverb?

    <p>Adverb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the arrangement of words to form sentences?

    <p>Syntax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Psychopragmatics?

    <p>The acquisition of pragmatic skills in a foreign language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for words that represent things, places, people, animals, events, and so on?

    <p>Noun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Broca's aphasia?

    <p>A type of non-fluent aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diglossia?

    <p>A situation where two distinct varieties of language are used in different social contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of taking over words from other languages?

    <p>Borrowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a morph that has a unique set of grammatical or lexical features?

    <p>Allomorph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a language variety that is influenced by the cultural or ethnic background of a group of speakers?

    <p>Ethnolect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the parts of the brain that connect Wernicke's Area and Broca's Area?

    <p>Arcuate Fasciculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the unique way in which a person uses language?

    <p>Idiolect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a simplified, make-shift language that develops as a means of communication between speakers of different native languages?

    <p>Pidgin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the experience of feeling confident that one knows an answer yet is unable to produce the word?

    <p>Tip of the Tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an unconscious error or oversight in writing, speech, or action that is held to be caused by unacceptable impulses breaking through the ego's defenses?

    <p>Slips of the Tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the parts of the brain that are involved in understanding of speech?

    <p>Wernicke's Area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a language that emerges from a pidgin when it becomes more stable, complex, and is passed down from generation to generation?

    <p>Creole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of how language serves and is shaped by the social nature of human beings?

    <p>Sociolinguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the level of formality in language that is determined by the context in which it is spoken or written?

    <p>Register</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of the grammar, classification, and arrangement of features of a language at a given time?

    <p>Descriptive Linguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the dynamic and adaptive process by which individuals adjust their language and communication styles based on various social factors?

    <p>Speech Accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of how languages change over time?

    <p>Historical Linguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the area of anthropological linguistics that studies the relationship between a language and the nonlinguistic cultural behavior of the people who speak that language?

    <p>Ethnolinguistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a type of register where the language is a standard form of communication?

    <p>Consultative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a type of register where the words/script are never changed or cannot be altered?

    <p>Frozen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Language Theories

    • Divine Origin Theory: language is a gift from God or another supernatural being
    • Onomatopoeia Theory: language begins with people imitating the sounds of nature
    • Social Interaction Theory: language developed as a way for people to coordinate their activities and cooperate with each other
    • Gestural Theory: language began with people using gestures

    Language Concepts

    • Reflexivity: language can refer to itself
    • Prevarication: language can be used to make false statements or talk about imaginary situations

    Linguistics Branches

    • Natural Science: studies how we produce sounds and the evolution of language
    • Formal Science: conducts research on how people use specific words or grammatical features and how they change
    • Social Science: studies the history of languages and how we learned them

    Word Types

    • Noun: represents things, places, people, animals, events, and so on
    • Verb: represents the action or state being in a sentence
    • Adjective: modifies or describes the noun
    • Adverb: describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb
    • Pronoun: used as a substitute for a noun in a sentence
    • Preposition: shows position

    Morphology

    • Morpheme: the smallest unit of language that carries meaning
    • Bound Morpheme: cannot normally stand alone and is typically attached to another form
    • Functional Morpheme: consists largely of words like conjunctions, prepositions, articles, and pronouns
    • Allomorph: a morph that has a unique set of different morphs, all versions of one morpheme

    Language Processes

    • Coinage: the invention of totally new terms
    • Borrowing: taking over of words from other languages
    • Prestige: the social status assigned to a specific language, dialect, or linguistic feature within a community

    Language Studies

    • Descriptive Linguistics: studies the grammar, classification, and arrangement of features of a language at a given time
    • Historical Linguistics: studies how languages change over time

    Language Registers

    • Formal: one-way communication
    • Consultative: standard form of communication
    • Frozen: the words/script are never changed or cannot be altered
    • Informal: conversational language

    Brain Regions

    • Wernicke's Area: involved in understanding speech
    • Motor Cortex: controls the movements of muscles
    • Arcuate Fasciculus: connects Wernicke's Area and Broca's Area

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    Description

    Review language theories, including the Divine Origin Theory and Onomatopoeia Theory, and how humans use language to make false statements or create fictional narratives.

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