EKC 358/3 OLEOCHEMICAL PROCESSING Lesson 1: POME
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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason for the failure of the current treatment system for POME?

  • High operating cost compared to the new technologies
  • Release of obnoxious gases like hydrogen sulphide and methane (correct)
  • Lack of suitable micro-organisms for POME treatment
  • Long hydraulic retention time (HRT)

    • Why have newly invented POME treatment technologies not progressed to an industrial scale?

  • High maintenance and operating cost (correct)
  • Inability to reduce COD value significantly
  • Unsuitable micro-organisms for industrial scale treatment
  • Limited capability to remove residual oil in POME

    • What is the preferred initial treatment stage in the biological treatment of POME?

  • Facultative ponds
  • Open pond system
  • Aerobic ponds
  • Anaerobic treatment (correct)

    • What is the main limitation of the coagulation–flocculation treatment for POME?

    <p>Maintenance and operating cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must POME be pre-treated before membrane treatment?

    <p>To reduce the COD and BOD of POME</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes up the largest portion of the wastes generated through processing to produce CPO?

    <p>Liquid effluent (POME)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much water is necessary for every 1 ton of CPO?

    <p>5-7.5 tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of water used in the production of CPO ends up as liquid waste?

    <p>More than 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much oil does POME consist of?

    <p>0.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is POME generally treated using series of large shallow ponds?

    <p>To save cost and maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the failure of the current treatment system for POME?

    <p>Sensitivity of micro-organisms to climate changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why have newly invented POME treatment technologies not progressed to an industrial scale?

    <p>High maintenance and operating cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred initial treatment stage in the biological treatment of POME?

    <p>Anaerobic ponds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of the coagulation–flocculation treatment for POME?

    <p>Inability to reduce COD significantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must POME be pre-treated before membrane treatment?

    <p>To reduce turbidity, COD, and BOD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest portion of the wastes generated through processing to produce CPO?

    <p>POME</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of POME in terms of water, oil, and total solids?

    <p>96% water, 0.7% oil, 5% total solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is POME generally treated using series of large shallow ponds?

    <p>To obtain large reaction volumes by increasing the surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of water used in the production of CPO that ends up as liquid waste?

    <p>More than 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must POME be treated effectively before being released into the receiving water bodies?

    <p>To meet the discharge limit proposed by the Department of the Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    POME Treatment Challenges

    • Current treatment systems for POME fail primarily due to inefficiency in handling the complex organic load.
    • Newly invented POME treatment technologies have not reached industrial scale due to high costs and scalability challenges.

    Biological Treatment of POME

    • The preferred initial treatment stage in biological treatment is anaerobic digestion, which reduces organic content and produces biogas.

    Coagulation–Flocculation Limitations

    • The main limitation of coagulation-flocculation treatment is its inability to effectively remove dissolved organic matter, leading to incomplete treatment.

    Pre-treatment Necessity

    • POME must be pre-treated before membrane treatment to reduce suspended solids and prevent membrane fouling, thus enhancing treatment efficiency.

    Waste Generation in CPO Production

    • The largest portion of waste generated during the processing to produce Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is POME.
    • Approximately 3 tons of water are required for every 1 ton of CPO produced, resulting in significant water use.

    Liquid Waste from CPO Production

    • About 75% of water used in CPO production ends up as liquid waste, contributing to environmental pollution if not managed properly.

    Oil Content in POME

    • POME consists of approximately 3-6% oil content, which can cause environmental harm if directly released.

    Treatment Method Insights

    • POME is generally treated using a series of large shallow ponds due to cost-effectiveness and natural processes facilitating degradation.

    Effective Treatment Importance

    • Effective treatment of POME is essential before discharge into water bodies to prevent pollution and protect aquatic ecosystems.

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    Explore the impact of palm oil production on waste generation, focusing on the significant role of palm oil mill effluent (POME) in the overall waste produced. Gain insights into the challenges and environmental concerns associated with POME.

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