Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was a primary influence on the leadership of the United Irish rebellion of 1798?
What was a primary influence on the leadership of the United Irish rebellion of 1798?
Which area contributed to the state-building process in independent Ireland?
Which area contributed to the state-building process in independent Ireland?
How did traditions and practices established before 1922 affect the new Irish state?
How did traditions and practices established before 1922 affect the new Irish state?
What was a key legacy of the old regime that impacted independent Ireland?
What was a key legacy of the old regime that impacted independent Ireland?
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Which of the following statements about the governance of territories is true in the context provided?
Which of the following statements about the governance of territories is true in the context provided?
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What does the term 'spill-over effects' refer to in the context of pre-1922 state building in Ireland?
What does the term 'spill-over effects' refer to in the context of pre-1922 state building in Ireland?
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Which level of government saw significant contributions from roles and offices evolved over centuries?
Which level of government saw significant contributions from roles and offices evolved over centuries?
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Which challenge was NOT mentioned as arising from the older system of government in the transition to independent Ireland?
Which challenge was NOT mentioned as arising from the older system of government in the transition to independent Ireland?
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What was one significant effect of the emerging voter-party alliances in Ireland?
What was one significant effect of the emerging voter-party alliances in Ireland?
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Which factor heavily influenced Irish political life over the past 120 years?
Which factor heavily influenced Irish political life over the past 120 years?
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Which two major parties were defined by their positions on Irish Home Rule?
Which two major parties were defined by their positions on Irish Home Rule?
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What principle did the Nationalist Party advocate for in relation to tenant farmers?
What principle did the Nationalist Party advocate for in relation to tenant farmers?
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What was a typical stance of the Unionist Party regarding Catholic rights?
What was a typical stance of the Unionist Party regarding Catholic rights?
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Which of the following was NOT a cleavage in Irish political life historically?
Which of the following was NOT a cleavage in Irish political life historically?
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In the context of the political landscape, what type of press emerged as a result of mobilization?
In the context of the political landscape, what type of press emerged as a result of mobilization?
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What overarching theme characterized the relationship between the two major political parties and their communities?
What overarching theme characterized the relationship between the two major political parties and their communities?
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What type of control was primarily used for the departments and agencies discussed?
What type of control was primarily used for the departments and agencies discussed?
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Which of the following was NOT one of the mentioned departments by 1911?
Which of the following was NOT one of the mentioned departments by 1911?
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How many bodies were noted to be present by 1911 in the discussed context?
How many bodies were noted to be present by 1911 in the discussed context?
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What was a significant change regarding the Irish Treasury mentioned in the text?
What was a significant change regarding the Irish Treasury mentioned in the text?
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Which statement accurately describes the staff situation within the discussed departments?
Which statement accurately describes the staff situation within the discussed departments?
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Which of the following describes the oversight of the Imperial civil service's branches in Ireland?
Which of the following describes the oversight of the Imperial civil service's branches in Ireland?
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What is implied about the relationship between the Irish and British civil services?
What is implied about the relationship between the Irish and British civil services?
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Which of the following years relates to the establishment of the Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction?
Which of the following years relates to the establishment of the Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction?
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Study Notes
The Foundations of Statehood
- Most states identify a key event as their founding moment.
- The United States uses Independence Day (July 4th), commemorating the 1776 declaration of independence.
- France uses Bastille Day (July 14th), marking the storming of the Bastille in 1789.
- Norway uses Constitution Day (May 17th), recognizing the adoption of its first constitution in 1814.
- Ireland uses Easter Monday (anniversary of the Easter Rising of 1916). Other commemorations include St. Patrick's Day and other independence struggle anniversaries.
British Rule and its Impact
- British influence on Ireland's statehood dates back to medieval times, shaping it through various interventions.
- Gaelic Irish society displayed limited early state formation, characterized by fragmented, warring entities.
- Norman invasions in 1169 initiated rudimentary statehood, primarily in the Pale (Dublin and its environs) and larger cities.
- English or Norman control remained largely nominal for centuries.
- Repeated rebellions against English rule occurred, such as the 1594–1603 Ulster Gaelic rebellion, the Cromwellian era conflict of 1641–50, and the mobilization of Catholic Irish supporters of King James II in 1689–92.
- Each rebellion resulted in worsening conditions for the Gaelic Irish due to further colonization by the victors.
- Penal laws targeting Catholics served to marginalize them further.
- The legacy of this struggle influenced Irish nationalism in the 19th century.
The Constitution of the Old Regime
- In medieval times, early European state formation was difficult as royal territories were spread out
- Irish medieval states were similar in that they relied on representatives to govern peripheries rather than directly controlling all territories.
- The Lord Lieutenant was King's personal representative in Ireland.
- A Privy Council advised the Lord Lieutenant on daily affairs, and a Great Council or Parliament on longer-term matters.
- The Irish Parliament, similar to the English Parliament, initially met near the town of Castledermot in 1264 and later moved to more central locations like Dublin.
- The Act of Union in 1800 abolished the Irish Parliament, establishing a combined parliament for Great Britain and Ireland.
Emergence of State Bureaucracy
- The Irish Civil Service, despite British rule, evolved in size and complexity over several centuries, with its own departments and offices.
- By 1911, Ireland had a large and well-staffed civil service (almost 55,000 workers): police, education teachers and national institutions.
- Catholics held a smaller proportion of senior roles.
- Significant changes to local government occurred well before 1922 (e.g., in 1885 and 1898).
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