Professionalism, patient-centred communication and breaking bad news

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Which of the following is NOT one of the Eight Domains of Good Professional Practice ensuring patient safety and quality of care?

Professionalism

Evidence-based practice (correct)

Clinical skills

Management (including Self-Management)

According to the Institute of Medicine, patient-centered care is defined as:

Providing care that prioritizes cost-efficiency over patient preferences.

Ensuring that patients' values guide all clinical decisions. (correct)

Promoting the health of healthcare professionals through patient feedback.

Focusing solely on the physical needs of the patient.

What is the main goal of cross-cultural communication in healthcare?

To improve healthcare professionals' language skills.

To improve the quality of care and eliminate racial and ethnic health disparities. (correct)

To ensure that all patients speak the same language as their healthcare provider.

To increase efficiency in patient care through standardized communication.

Which of the following is an example of unconscious bias?

A healthcare provider making an automatic judgment about a patient based on prior experiences without conscious awareness. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the RESPECT model in healthcare communication?

To help healthcare professionals remain open, show respect, and build trust with patients from diverse cultures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of self-care?

The ability of individuals, families, and communities to promote health and cope with illness, with or without the support of healthcare providers. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a protected characteristic under equality legislation?

Educational background Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cultural awareness, which of the following refers to the ability to understand how culture impacts communication?

Cultural sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Smith notices that he tends to assume patients from a particular ethnic group prefer certain types of treatment without asking them. Which of the following best describes this behavior?

Unconscious bias Signup and view all the answers

A healthcare provider notices that a patient from a different cultural background reacts negatively to certain medical procedures. The provider takes time to understand the patient's cultural beliefs and adapts their care approach accordingly. This is an example of:

A) Empathy B) Cultural awareness C) Personal professional identity formation D) Reflective professionalism

Cultural awareness Signup and view all the answers

During a team meeting, Dr. Patel actively listens to his colleagues' perspectives and incorporates their ideas into the treatment plan. This demonstrates which of the following principles of good professional practice?

Collaboration & Teamwork Signup and view all the answers

In a recent case, a patient expressed their preference for a less invasive treatment option. The healthcare team made sure that the patient's values were prioritized in the decision-making process. This demonstrates which principle of care?

Patient-Centered Care Signup and view all the answers

Nurse Anna realizes that she unintentionally ignored a patient's cultural preferences because she assumed that all patients from the same country would have similar needs. Which of the following describes the issue she experienced?

Stereotyping Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Jones is working with a patient from a different cultural background and ensures that their personal beliefs and values are respected during treatment. Which model or principle is Dr. Jones following?

The RESPECT Model Signup and view all the answers

A healthcare provider communicates a treatment plan to a patient, ensuring that the patient understands all aspects of the plan and can make informed decisions. This is an example of:

A) Informed consent B) Patient-centered communication C) Cross-cultural communication D) Clinical skills

Patient-centered communication Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Lee is aware that cultural differences may influence how patients perceive certain medical practices, so he actively works to build trust with patients from diverse backgrounds. Which domain of good professional practice is he demonstrating?

Communication & Interpersonal Skills Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Cs of Effective Communication?

Complexity Signup and view all the answers

According to Albert Mehrabian's 55/38/7 Formula, which component of face-to-face communication contributes the most?

Non-verbal cues (55%) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of kinesics communication?

Making eye contact Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of haptic communication? (Select one)

Giving a handshake Signup and view all the answers

Active listening involves all of the following EXCEPT:

Interrupting the speaker to provide your own perspective Signup and view all the answers

In the context of communication with patients, which of the following is a known barrier to effective listening?

Interrupting the patient after 18 seconds of speaking Signup and view all the answers

Effective communication requires the selection of the correct medium. Which scenario would require in-person communication instead of Zoom?

A) A casual check-in with a colleague B) An online lecture C) Breaking bad news to a family D) Sharing updates via email

Breaking bad news to a family Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following phrases is an example of active listening?

"Tell me more about that..." Signup and view all the answers

According to the Mehrabian Conjecture, if a person's body language and words are in conflict, which component is most likely to influence how the message is received?

The body language Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Adams is explaining a treatment plan to a patient. He makes sure to keep his explanation simple and to the point without unnecessary details. Which of the Five Cs of Effective Communication is he demonstrating?

Conciseness Signup and view all the answers

Nurse Julie is having a conversation with a patient. She notices the patient is fidgeting and avoiding eye contact, which could indicate discomfort. Nurse Julie adjusts her approach to make the patient feel more at ease. What is Nurse Julie observing and responding to?

Body language (Kinesics) Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Lee is having a discussion with a colleague about a complex case. He actively listens, nods in agreement, and occasionally paraphrases what his colleague says to confirm his understanding. Which aspect of communication is Dr. Lee practicing?

Active listening Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Chang is talking to a family about the diagnosis of a patient. She realizes that they are struggling to understand the medical terms she’s using. She pauses to explain things in simpler language, ensuring they grasp the information. Which of the following Five Cs is Dr. Chang demonstrating?

Clarity Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is having a discussion with a patient and notices that the patient is speaking with a lot of emotion about their health condition. The nurse responds by acknowledging the patient’s feelings, saying, "It must be very difficult for you." What element of the Five Cs is the nurse demonstrating?

Compassion Signup and view all the answers

Nurse Kate receives a message from her colleague about a new procedure. She responds with only the necessary details, without adding extra information that isn’t relevant. Which of the Five Cs of Effective Communication is Nurse Kate applying?

Conciseness Signup and view all the answers

Dr. White is speaking with a patient who is very hesitant about undergoing a procedure. She explains the procedure in a way that highlights its benefits, aiming to ease the patient’s concerns. Which of the Five Cs is Dr. White using?

Compellingness Signup and view all the answers

In a team discussion, Dr. Moore notices a colleague seems frustrated but hasn’t said anything about it. Dr. Moore gently asks the colleague, "How are you feeling about this?" Which of the Five Cs of Effective Communication is Dr. Moore demonstrating?

Curiosity Signup and view all the answers

The WHO's principle of communication emphasizes that the message should be understandable to decision-makers. Which of the following best exemplifies this principle?

Using simple, clear language to explain a procedure to a patient Signup and view all the answers

A patient is discussing their health with a doctor. The doctor first asks the patient what they know about their condition before providing additional information in a way the patient can understand. This is an example of which communication technique?

Ask-Tell-Ask Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Roberts is communicating with a patient who has difficulty understanding spoken English. She ensures that the patient fully understands by using visual aids and simpler language. Which WHO principle is Dr. Roberts following?

Understandable Signup and view all the answers

A hospital is using the SBAR technique during handover to ensure clear communication. What does 'S' in SBAR stand for?

A) Situation B) Summary C) Safety D) Statement

Situation Signup and view all the answers

During a handoff between two clinicians, Dr. Smith reports the current status of a patient, including their background information, assessment, and proposed recommendations. Which communication tool is Dr. Smith using?

SBAR Signup and view all the answers

A nurse asks a patient to repeat back the instructions for taking their medication to ensure they understood. This is an example of which communication technique?

Teach-back Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Lorna communicates with a patient diagnosed with a serious illness and listens carefully to their emotional concerns before offering treatment options. This shows which aspect of communication in healthcare?

Attitude and listening Signup and view all the answers

A clinician calls another doctor for advice about a patient’s worsening condition. They explain the situation clearly and ask for specific recommendations. This is an example of using which communication method?

SBAR Signup and view all the answers

The SPIKES protocol is used in breaking bad news to patients. What does the "P" in SPIKES stand for?

A) Perception B) Partnership C) Presentation D) Plan

Perception Signup and view all the answers

In delivering bad news to a patient, which of the following is the most important initial step according to the SPIKES protocol?

Setting up an appropriate, private environment for the conversation Signup and view all the answers

The PEARLS technique is designed to build a strong relationship with patients. Which of the following is NOT a component of the PEARLS approach?

Silence Signup and view all the answers

A physician explains a patient's diagnosis clearly and empathetically, using appropriate language and allowing the patient to express their emotions. This is an example of which aspect of the SPIKES protocol?

Empathy Signup and view all the answers

A patient receives distressing news about a terminal diagnosis. They respond with anger and disbelief. Which emotional reaction stage, as described by Kübler-Ross, does this represent?

Anger Signup and view all the answers

During a difficult conversation, the doctor listens actively, maintains eye contact, and provides reassurance without rushing the patient. Which non-verbal communication technique is being used here?

Active listening Signup and view all the answers

A doctor has to inform a patient about a medical error that occurred. To minimize distress, the doctor uses clear, empathetic language and offers a plan for corrective action. This follows the principles of which approach to delivering bad news?

A) SPIKES B) PEARLS C) Teach-back D) SBAR

SPIKES Signup and view all the answers

According to the PEARLS approach, what is the primary objective of 'legitimization' during a difficult conversation?

To acknowledge and validate the patient's feelings Signup and view all the answers

A doctor uses the SPIKES protocol to deliver a cancer diagnosis to a patient. The 'E' in SPIKES stands for empathy. What is the best way for the doctor to express empathy?

Acknowledge the patient's emotional response and express understanding Signup and view all the answers

A patient becomes tearful when they learn of their terminal diagnosis. Which stage of grief, according to Kübler-Ross, does this represent?

Depression Signup and view all the answers

A physician has to break bad news to a family about the death of a loved one. The physician ensures the conversation is held in a quiet, private room, maintains eye contact, and speaks gently. Which principle of communication is being followed?

A) Setting B) Empathy C) Knowledge D) Actionable

Setting Signup and view all the answers

When delivering bad news, a doctor provides the patient with clear, factual information about their diagnosis and treatment options but also invites the patient to ask questions and express concerns. This step aligns with which aspect of SPIKES?

A) Perception B) Invitation C) Knowledge D) Summary

Invitation Signup and view all the answers

In the SPIKES protocol, what is the purpose of the "S" (Setting) step when delivering bad news?

To create a private and comfortable environment for the conversation Signup and view all the answers

According to the SPIKES protocol, what should the clinician do during the 'P' (Perception/Perspective) step?

Assess the patient’s understanding of their condition or situation Signup and view all the answers

In the SPIKES protocol, which step focuses on inviting the patient to ask questions or express their feelings about their condition?

I - Invitation Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the SPIKES protocol involves providing the patient with clear and accurate information about their diagnosis and treatment options?

K - Knowledge Signup and view all the answers

In the SPIKES protocol, what does the 'S' (Summary/Strategy) step entail?

Providing the patient with a summary of the news and discussing the next steps Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the PEARLS relationship-building technique focuses on validating the patient's feelings and concerns?

Legitimization Signup and view all the answers

The "A" (Apology/Acknowledgement) step of the PEARLS technique is particularly important in which of the following scenarios?

When there is a medical error or patient harm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements of the PEARLS technique involves ensuring that the patient's dignity and emotions are respected throughout the conversation?

Respect Signup and view all the answers

The 'P' (Partnership) in PEARLS refers to which of the following?

Building a collaborative relationship between the patient and the healthcare provider Signup and view all the answers

When using the PEARLS approach, what is the purpose of 'Support'?

To ensure the patient has access to psychological or emotional resources Signup and view all the answers