EHS232 Law, Ethics, and Professionalism Chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

What do civil law systems primarily rely on for legal authority?

  • Case law and judicial precedents
  • Customary laws and traditions
  • Written laws from legislative bodies or constitutions (correct)
  • International treaties and agreements

    • In a civil law system, the role of a judge is primarily to:

  • Interpret laws without any reference to written statutes
  • Create new laws based on individual cases
  • Negotiate settlements between parties
  • Establish the facts and apply existing codified law (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes the legal system adopted by the UAE?

  • Civil law system based on codified statutes (correct)
  • Religious law system governed solely by Quranic principles
  • Common law system based on precedents
  • Equity law system focused on fairness

    • What type of law involves crimes that are considered offenses against the state?

    <p>Criminal law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term ‘Al Qiyas’ in Islamic law is used under which circumstances?

    <p>When precedents are missing in jurisprudence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of law in society?

    <p>To govern interactions and settle disputes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of law deal with disputes between individuals and organizations?

    <p>Private Law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the principal source of law in the United Arab Emirates?

    <p>Sharia law (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which legal system would you typically find a strong emphasis on statutes and legislation?

    <p>Civil Law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term best describes laws designed to protect public safety?

    <p>Criminal Laws (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates general law from private law?

    <p>General law governs relations within society as a whole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of law mentioned in the content?

    <p>Contract Law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of laws regarding individual obligations and rights?

    <p>To clarify expectations within a community (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of legal knowledge for paramedics?

    <p>To help avoid legal entanglements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following constitutes General Law?

    <p>Constitutional law and criminal law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Administrative Law primarily govern?

    <p>The organization of government agencies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subdivision of General Law deals specifically with the actions of the government?

    <p>Constitutional Law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT classified as Private Law?

    <p>Criminal Law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of understanding legal responsibilities for healthcare professionals?

    <p>Enhanced job security (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Civil Law primarily concern?

    <p>The duties and rights of private parties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Sharia' mean?

    <p>The right path (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the implications of a paramedic’s actions?

    <p>They can affect the workplace environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered the principal source of Sharia law?

    <p>The Holy Qu'ran (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which legal system emphasizes precedential decisions of courts?

    <p>Common Law System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Al Qiyas refer to in Sharia law?

    <p>Analogical reasoning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about Civil Law systems?

    <p>They focus on a codified set of laws. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a legal system?

    <p>To resolve disagreements systematically (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Al Ijma in the context of Sharia law?

    <p>The agreement among scholars on legal matters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries does not recognize Common Law?

    <p>The United Arab Emirates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the essential elements required for an act to be considered a crime?

    <p>There was an intention to carry out the act (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of law primarily aims at maintaining justice and public order?

    <p>Criminal Law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a felony?

    <p>Punishable by death or imprisonment for more than one year (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Private Law?

    <p>To establish rights between private entities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category does a misdemeanor fall under?

    <p>A less serious crime than a felony (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of punitive actions in criminal law?

    <p>Rehabilitation of the offender (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT typically encompass criminal law?

    <p>Regulation of trade (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crime is an example of a felony?

    <p>Murder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of legislation in the United Arab Emirates?

    <p>Islamic Sharia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element takes priority over other sources of law in most countries?

    <p>Constitution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the UAE legal system, what is meant by 'case law'?

    <p>Judicial decisions that become a source of law (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the majority of codified laws in the UAE?

    <p>A mix of Islamic Sharia and civil law (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do treaties play in the legal framework of the UAE?

    <p>They are a secondary source of law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the UAE Constitution described in relation to fundamental freedoms and rights?

    <p>It sets out basic principles regarding rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of law may have more than one legislative body involved in its enactment?

    <p>Legislation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated about the codification of laws in the UAE?

    <p>There is no single codification bringing together all provisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Law

    A rule of conduct and system of regulations that are binding and enforced by legitimate authority.

    General Law

    Laws that apply to everyone in a society, covering areas like crime and taxes.

    Private Law

    Laws that govern relationships between individuals and organizations, such as contracts and property rights.

    Constitutional Law

    Laws based on a country's constitution, establishing fundamental principles and rights.

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    Administrative Law

    Rules and regulations made by government agencies to carry out laws.

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    Criminal Law

    Laws related to crimes and punishments.

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    Common Law System

    A legal system where laws are based on previous court decisions.

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    Civil Law System

    A legal system where laws are based on written codes.

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    Civil Law

    A subdivision of private law, focusing on rights and duties between individuals.

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    Legal Responsibilities (Paramedics)

    Paramedics' legal duties and obligations in healthcare practice, preventing legal issues.

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    Limits of Paramedic Practice

    The boundaries of what paramedics are legally allowed to do and the implications of their actions.

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    Crime

    An illegal act against the country, committed or omitted in violation of the law.

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    Felony

    A serious crime punishable by more than one year in prison or death.

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    Misdemeanor

    A less serious crime punishable by a fine or less than a year in jail.

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    Criminal Act Elements

    An act considered a crime and the intention to commit it.

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    Police Role (Criminal Law)

    Brings criminal cases to court on behalf of citizens.

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    UAE Legal System

    The United Arab Emirates uses a Civil Law System, where laws are codified and judges apply them.

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    Judge's Role (Civil Law)

    In a Civil Law System, judges mainly focus on applying existing laws to the facts of a case.

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    'Al Qiyas' in Islamic Law

    A source of legislation in Islamic Law that uses analogy to solve new legal situations based on existing rulings.

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    Felony vs. Misdemeanor

    A felony is a serious crime with a longer potential sentence, while a misdemeanor is less serious with a shorter potential sentence.

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    Executive

    Branch of government responsible for implementing laws, managing day-to-day affairs, and overseeing public services. Think of them as the 'doers' of the government.

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    Legislative

    Branch of government responsible for creating and amending laws, typically through a parliament or congress. Think of this branch as the 'law-makers' of the government.

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    Judicial

    Branch of government responsible for interpreting laws, resolving disputes, and ensuring fairness. Think of them as the 'interpreters' and 'judges' of the law.

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    Constitution

    A document outlining the fundamental rules, principles, and structure of a government, including the division of powers and basic rights. It's the 'blueprint' for the government.

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    Sharia Law

    Islamic law based on the Quran and Sunnah, which influences legal systems in many Muslim-majority countries.

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    Codified Legislation

    Laws that are written down and organized systematically in a code or a set of legal texts.

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    Case Law

    Legal precedents established through judicial decisions, which can influence future rulings. Think of it as deciding the law based on previous cases.

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    Treaty

    An agreement or formal contract between two or more countries or international organizations.

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    Sharia

    The Islamic law that governs all aspects of a Muslim's life. It's derived from the Holy Quran, Sunnah (Prophet Mohammed's teachings), Al Ijma (scholar consensus), and Al Qiyas (analogical reasoning).

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    Holy Quran

    The principal source of Sharia law, considered the word of Allah.

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    Sunnah

    The verbal teachings of Prophet Mohammed, which are a vital source of Sharia law.

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    Al Ijma

    An agreement among religious scholars regarding matters not covered in the Quran or Sunnah.

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    Al Qiyas (Analogous)

    Used to solve issues not addressed in other sources of Sharia. It involves drawing analogies to existing rulings.

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    Legal System

    A procedure for interpreting, enforcing, and applying laws. It provides a systematic approach to resolving disputes.

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    Study Notes

    Emergency Health Sciences (EHS) Course EHS232: Law, Ethics, and Professionalism

    • Course is titled EHS232
    • Focuses on Law, Ethics, and Professionalism
    • Chapter 1: Introduction to Legal System
    • Lesson 1.1: An Introduction to Law

    Learning Outcome

    • CLO 1: Explain the legal status and requirements of medical care in the United Arab Emirates.

    Performance Indicators

    • Define the term 'Law' and describe its role in society.
    • Differentiate between different types of General Law and Private Law.
    • Understand the Islamic Sharia law as principal source of law in the UAE.
    • Compare Common law and Civil law legal systems.

    Vocabulary

    • A Law
    • General Law
    • Constitutional Law
    • Administrative Law
    • Criminal Law
    • Felony
    • Misdemeanor
    • Private Law
    • Civil Law
    • Case Law
    • The Sunnah
    • Ijma
    • Al Qiyas
    • Legal System
    • Common Legal System
    • Civil Legal System

    What is a Law?

    • A rule of conduct and system of regulations enforced by a legitimate authority.
    • Laws resolve disputes and disagreements without resorting to force.
    • Laws govern relationships between individuals and organizations, as well as individuals and the government.
    • Laws provide duties, obligations, and rights for people in society
    • Governments use laws to control behavior to uphold public safety.

    Why Understand Law?

    • Paramedics must understand the legal concepts and terms to comprehend legal principles.
    • Understanding legal responsibilities helps prevent legal issues and maintains a successful professional career.
    • Paramedics are aware of practice limits and actions' implications.
    • Paramedics, patients, co-workers, and facilities are protected.
    • Paramedics provide ethical behavior and quality care for patients.

    Areas of Law

    • General Law: Covers administration, constitutional acts, and criminal acts.
    • Private Law: Organizes rights and duties among private individuals and organizations. Civil Law is a subdivision of private law. Criminal and Civil law most impact healthcare practitioners.

    Subdivisions of General Law

    • Constitutional Law: Derived from country's constitution.
    • Administrative Law: Controls government functions, organization, and powers of administrative agencies; includes laws for courts, trade, economy, and public service.
    • Criminal Law: Maintains justice, order, safety, and individual protection. It punishes violations for deterrence, and may include community service.
      • Felony: Punishable by imprisonment more than a year (e.g. abuse, drug dealing, murder)
      • Misdemeanor: Less serious; punishable by fines or imprisonment (e.g. traffic violations, theft, disturbing the peace).

    Subdivisions of Private Law

    • Civil Law: Characterizes rights and duties of people and private bodies; people can sue other individuals, businesses or the government.
      • Common types of civil issues: contract violation, slander, libel, trespassing, product responsibility, automobile accidents, divorce, child support, child custody.
      • A court's decision can be money for the injured party.

    Civil Law

    • An action can be brought by one person against another, the first party is 'Plaintiff', the second party is 'Respondent'.
    • Liability in civil law includes contract action and tort, in which the first party suffers a loss and the second party is responsible. A tort action is a wrongful conduct leading to an injury to the victim for which they are compensated. Contracts are legally binding agreements between parties that govern rights and responsibilities and failure to fulfill these obligations requires compensation for the injured party.

    Sources of Law

    • Sources of Law are origins of laws: They derive from the power that determines the law's validity.
      • Constitution: Sets out the government's powers and how these entities interact (UAE has a written constitution).
      • Legislative Enactment: Legislation takes priority over other sources and may vary by country.
      • Judicial Decisions(Case Law): In some countries, court decisions become authoritative and form part of the law. This is not in the UAE.
      • Treaties: Laws created by groups to regulate areas like international trade, health, and more.
      • Other Sources of Law: some countries like UAE have religions as a main source for their legislation e.g., Islamic Sharia law.
    • UAE Specific: The UAE Constitution of 1971 considers Islamic Sharia as a primary source of legislation, and codified legislation in the UAE is a mixture of Islamic Sharia laws and other civil laws.

    Activity 1.1

    • Use a road accident as an example to criticize and explain the overlap of General and Private Law.

    Activity 1.2

    • Use the provided link to access the UAE government portal to:
      • Read about the UAE constitution and prepare a poster that summarizes facts about the Constitution
      • Review with the teacher, then share with the class.

    Islamic Sharia Law

    • Sharia is an Arabic word meaning "the right path" and governs all aspects of a Muslim's life.
      • Sources of Sharia Law: The Holy Quran, The Sunnah (prophet Mohammed's teachings), Al Ijma (scholar agreement regarding solutions not covered in The Quran or Sunnah), Al Qiyas (used when decisions aren't found in The Quran or Sunnah)
    • Purpose: A legal system provides a process for interpreting, enforcing, and applying the law to resolve disagreements in an orderly, predictable manner. Two major types:
      • Common Law System: Evolves from court decisions; past court precedents help determine current cases. The US follows this system but the UAE does not.
      • Civil Law System: Relies on written laws from legislative bodies; judges apply the pre-existing laws rather than making new ones. The UAE uses a civil law system that is influenced by Sharia law.

    Activities

    • Activity 1.3: Draw a mind map to compare and contrast between sources of law, different types of laws, and legal systems.
    • Lesson 1.1 Review: Answer the following questions below (details are provided in the document.

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    Emergency Health Sciences (EHS) Law, Ethics, and Professionalism PDF

    Description

    Explore the foundations of law and its significance in medical care within the UAE through EHS232. This quiz covers the introduction to the legal system, distinguishing between general and private law, and understanding Islamic Sharia law. Enhance your knowledge of legal terminology and frameworks essential for health professionals.

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