Egg Production and Quality Study
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the self-study material related to eggs?

  • Classification of egg species
  • Egg production techniques
  • Cooking methods for eggs
  • Understanding the composition and formation of eggs (correct)

Which characteristic is not listed as a focus for identifying differences between eggs?

  • Shell strength and texture
  • Yolk quantity in different species
  • Color diversity of egg yolks (correct)
  • Size variations among egg species

What type of egg cell is described as having very little yolk?

  • Mesolecithal egg cells
  • Hololecithal egg cells
  • Oligolecithal egg cells (correct)
  • Polylecithal egg cells

Hormonal regulation during egg formation is classified under which objective?

<p>Describing the formation of the egg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not part of the study objectives for the case of the egg?

<p>Explaining nutritional benefits of eggs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of egg cell size and yolk quantity, which statement is accurate?

<p>Egg cell dimensions greatly differ across species based on yolk content. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of egg quality is addressed in the study objectives?

<p>Identification of quality characteristics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for the decrease in egg size after the first egg in a laying series?

<p>The size of the egg cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing the weight of eggs laid by hens?

<p>Intake of high carbohydrates in feed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of nutrient composition, how do first eggs laid by hens typically compare to those laid by older hens?

<p>They have a higher proportion of yolk to egg white. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of high temperatures on egg production?

<p>Decline in egg weight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does protein content in feed play in egg production?

<p>Higher protein leads to a higher egg weight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the permeability of the cuticula during incubation?

<p>It increases due to high temperatures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of water in the egg evaporates during the incubation process?

<p>About 15% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the oviduct play in the egg production process?

<p>It assists in surrounding the egg cell with egg white. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the air chamber located in relation to the two thin shell membranes?

<p>At the rounded end of the egg. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the absence of spurs in female chickens?

<p>Oestrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural property of the egg shell is indicated by its porosity?

<p>It allows gas exchange while being strong enough to bear the egg contents. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily determines the size of the egg produced by a chicken?

<p>The size of the egg cell during oviduct passage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical thickness range of an eggshell?

<p>0.25 mm to 0.45 mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of the egg white in comparison to the yolk?

<p>Consists mostly of water and contains lower protein. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What abnormal egg conditions can result from faults in the reproductive system?

<p>Shell-less eggs (B), Doubled yolks and wind eggs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the air chamber as the egg contents cool after laying?

<p>It increases in size. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of the egg cell from the ovarium to the oviduct?

<p>An interplay of female and male hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the total egg production of a hen (E) depend on?

<p>The length of the laying cycle and intensity of lay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the egg shell's ability to protect its contents?

<p>It is designed to be fragile for easy chick emergence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common factor influences the sexual maturity of hens?

<p>Length of daylight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily contributes to the abnormal appearance of eggs laid by young birds?

<p>Hormonal imbalances related to stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is associated with a hen becoming broody?

<p>Prolactin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the shell gland in egg production?

<p>To deposit calcium around the egg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average weight of a chicken egg when considering its chemical composition?

<p>58 grams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary effects of moulting in hens?

<p>Cease in laying eggs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does androgen primarily influence in laying hens?

<p>Development of the comb and lobes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has commercial poultry management affected the broody behavior of laying hens?

<p>Decreased broodiness due to housing methods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an expected result of insufficient egg white allocation during egg formation?

<p>Lightweight eggs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT play a role in determining the end of the laying cycle?

<p>Egg size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the isthmus in the reproductive system of hens?

<p>Formation of egg membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an effect of forced moulting on hens?

<p>Physiological recovery to start a new laying cycle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the factors influencing egg production in hens is true?

<p>Various environmental factors contribute alongside genetics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the thyroid hormone play in hens' lay cycles?

<p>Influences the timing of moulting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a hen reaches sufficient egg laying in terms of broodiness?

<p>Her egg-laying ceases and she becomes broody. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Egg cell (ovum)

The female reproductive cell produced by animals. It contains the genetic material needed to create a new individual.

Oligolecithal egg cell

A type of egg cell with a very small amount of yolk, characteristic of mammals.

Yolk quantity

The amount of yolk present in an egg cell, which varies across species.

Reproduction

The ability of an organism to produce offspring, ensuring the continuation of the species.

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Fertilization

The process by which a new organism is created from the combination of an egg and a sperm.

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Individual survival

The survival of an individual organism over time.

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Species survival

The survival and flourishing of a particular species.

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Eggshell

The outer layer of an egg, composed of calcium carbonate. It protects the developing embryo and allows for gas exchange.

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Shell Membrane

A thin, membranous layer found just inside the eggshell. It helps to regulate gas exchange and prevent bacteria from entering the egg.

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Air Chamber

A space within the egg, located at the rounded end, filled with air. It increases in size during incubation, allowing the chick to breathe.

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Cuticula Drying

The process of an egg's outer layer hardening and becoming less permeable to gases and bacteria, protecting the developing embryo.

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Cuticula Permeability Increase

The permeability of the egg's outer layer increases during incubation, allowing for increased gas exchange and water evaporation.

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Water Evaporation

The process of water evaporating from the inside of the egg during incubation. It contributes to the chick's development.

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Egg White

The clear, liquid portion of the egg containing proteins and water.

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Egg Yolk

The yellow, nutrient-rich portion of the egg containing fat, protein, and vitamins.

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Chemical Composition of a Chicken Egg

The average chemical composition of a chicken egg, which consists primarily of water, protein, and fat, with differing proportions in the yolk and white.

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Ovulation

The process in which a mature egg cell is released from the ovary.

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Oviduct

The tube that transports the egg from the ovary to the outside of the body.

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Albumen Gland

A gland located in the oviduct responsible for adding the egg white to the egg.

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Isthmus

The part of the oviduct where the egg's two shell membranes are formed.

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Shell Gland (Uterus)

The part of the oviduct where the hard calcium shell is deposited around the egg.

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Yolk

The egg cell's primary source of nutrients.

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Ovary Hormones

Hormones produced in the ovary that are crucial for the development and release of the egg.

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Oestrogen

The female sex hormone responsible for many female characteristics.

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Androgen (Testosterone)

The male sex hormone that plays a role in female chickens' characteristics.

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Comb

The bright red fleshy growth on top of a chicken's head.

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Blastodisc

A small white spot located on the yolk, where the embryo would begin to develop. It doesn't affect taste.

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Albumen (Egg White)

The clear, viscous part of the egg surrounding the yolk, also known as egg white. It contains proteins and water.

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First Eggs Laid

Eggs laid at the beginning of a hen's laying cycle, consisting of more yolk and less egg white, resulting in a smaller, denser egg than those laid later.

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Egg Production (E)

The total number of eggs a hen lays, determined by the length of the laying cycle and the intensity of lay within that period.

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Laying Cycle (T)

The duration of time a hen lays eggs, measured in days.

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Intensity of Lay (I)

The percentage of time a hen lays eggs during the laying cycle.

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Starting time of Lay

The age at which a hen lays her first egg, influenced by factors such as light and genetics.

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End of Laying Cycle

The process of a hen ceasing to lay eggs, often induced by broodiness or the desire to incubate eggs.

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Broodiness

An instinctive behavior where hens desire to sit on and incubate eggs, ceasing egg production.

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Prolactin

The hormone associated with broodiness, stimulating a hen to sit on her nest.

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Moulting

The process of shedding old feathers and growing new ones, often associated with the end of a laying cycle.

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Forced Moulting

Artificial manipulation of a hen's environment to induce moulting, leading to a potential second laying cycle.

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Thyroid Hormone

The hormone associated with moulting, regulating feather growth and other physiological processes.

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Study Notes

Biology of Domestic Animals YAS-10806 Reader Contents

  • Cases:
    • Case 1: Egg (p. 1, p. 24): Self-study material (p. 2), Practical manual (p. 24), Animal species: Chicken, Objectives: composition, formation, quality characteristics, laying cycle, laying series, laying curves, sensory analysis.
    • Case 2A: Sperm (p. 36)
    • Case 2B: Meat (p. 47, p. 85): Objectives: meat consumption, production, slaughtering process, meat structure and composition, animal-specific meat components, meat growth, and influences on growth and body composition.
    • Case 3: Nutrition (p. 46)
    • Case 4: Milk (p. 88)
    • Case 5: Fish (p. 129)
    • Case 6: Horse (p. 167, p. 187): Objectives: evolutionary changes, anatomy of horses vs humans, leg adaptations, gaits, cooperation between humans and horses.
    • Case 7: Dog (p. 199, p. 242): Objectives: basic sense concepts, hearing, vision, smelling, comparative biology of the senses.
    • Case 9: Immunology (p. 166)
    • Case 10: DNA (p. 297, p. 320): Objectives: animal breeding, genetic conservation, genetic improvement, comparative biology using genes and genomic databases.

Additional Information

  • Case 1:

    • Detailed description of an egg's composition and formation, factors affecting quality, laying cycles.

  • Case 1.1: Function of egg

  • Case 1.2: Egg production

  • Case 1.3: Structure of the egg

  • Case 1.4: Quality of eggs and characteristics.

  • Case 2B:

    • Meat consumption in the Netherlands
    • Slaying procedures, meat's chemical composition and nutritional content, overview of different animal types' meat differences, and growth and development of animal tissues.

  • Page 3: Explanation of oviparous, ovoviviparous, and viviparous reproduction, including nutrient concentration in eggs versus mammal milk.

  • Page 4: Discussion on egg structure and composition, including egg white layers, chalazas, yolks, shell components, and porosity.

  • Page 5: Average egg composition of different bird species and their proportion in the egg mass.

  • Page 6: Detailed description of egg structure: shell membranes, cuticula, air cell, and gas exchange mechanism.

  • Page 7: Anatomy of egg components.

  • Page 8: Chemical composition of a chicken's egg, including water, dry matter, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and inorganic matter percentages. Energy content (kJ/100 g) of a chicken egg.

  • Page 9: Quality assessment of eggs based on external characteristics, candling techniques and procedures for determining the freshness of eggs.

  • Page 10: Quality determination of eggs based on appearance, shape, and parts of the egg. Discussion on how to measure thick white (Haugh unit).

  • Page 11: Discussion on shell color (genetic, feed related, etc.). Description of the presence of blood traces in the egg.

  • Case 10:

    • Overview of, and basic terms from, animal breeding. Knowledge and applications of molecular techniques in genetic conservation, and genetic improvement. Includes comparative animal biology using genes and genomic databases.

  • Practical manuals and locations for the practical sessions.

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Biology of Domestic Animals YAS-10806 Past Paper PDF

Description

This quiz explores various aspects of egg production, including hormonal regulation, nutrient composition, and factors affecting egg quality and size. It aims to test your knowledge on the biological and environmental influences on egg characteristics. Dive into the science behind what makes a good egg and understand the intricacies of egg laying.

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