Effects of Migration on Rural-Urban Balance

The Todaro migration model explains rural urban migration as an ______ rational process.

The Harris-Todaro migration model is an ______ version of the Todaro migration model.

According to the Todaro migration model, migrants calculate the ______ value of urban expected income.

The Harris-Todaro migration model predicts that expected ______ will be equated across rural and urban sectors.

The Todaro migration model focuses on the role of ______ incentives in the decision of workers to migrate.

One of the assumptions of the Todaro migration model is that there is visible ______ in the urban area but not in rural area.

Today’s poorest countries are far more ______ than today’s developed countries were when they were at a comparable level of development.

Internal migration disproportionately increases the growth rate of urban ______ seekers relative to urban population growth.

The ______ rate increases whenever urban population growth exceeds rural population growth.

The presence of well-educated young people in the migrant system tends to ______ the urban labor supply.

Urban job creation is generally more difficult and costly to accomplish than ______ job creation.

Rural-to-urban migration is occurring so rapidly in Asia that total rural population will fall by hundreds of millions of people by ______.

The notion that most governments in developing countries favor the ______ sector in their development policies, thereby creating a widening gap between the urban and rural economies.

The pressures of rising urban wages and compulsory employee fringe benefits in combination with the unavailability of appropriate ______ production technologies lead to increases in labor productivity.

The movement of people from rural villages, towns, and farms to ______ centers (cities) in search of jobs.

The rapid supply increase and lagging demand growth tend to convert a short-run problem of resource ______ into a long-run situation of chronic urban surplus labor.

Colonial-era building codes in Nairobi, Kenya, made it impossible to build an “official” house for less than ______.

All economic policies have direct and indirect effects on the level and growth of urban or rural ______ or both.

The law has also required every dwelling to be accessible by ______.

Economic policies will tend to influence the nature and magnitude of the ______ stream.

Migration worsens rural-urban structural ______ in two direct ways.

As a result, two-thirds of Nairobi’s land has been occupied by ______ of the population, while many slum dwellings cannot legally be improved.

At least 1 billion people (⅓ of the urban population) live in urban ______ settlements in all developing countries.

There are slums because the government consciously makes the lives of new migrants miserable to deter them from migrating to ______.

In Manila, Philippines, a large majority of the population has historically been too poor to be able to buy or rent an officially “legal” ______.

A critical issue that needs to be addressed is the extent to which national governments can formulate ______ policies that can have a definite impact on trends in and the character of urban growth.

The level of ______ in the Philippines reached 51.2 percent.

There were 7,437 barangays classified as ______ and 34,599 as rural.

Five regions surpass the national level of ______.

The emphasis on industrial ______, technological sophistication, and metropolitan growth created a substantial geographic imbalance in economic opportunities.

The City of Davao registers the biggest ______ population among the HUCs outside the NCR

Region IV-A - CALABARZON has the highest level of ______ with 70.5%

Agglomeration economies refer to ______ advantages to producers and consumers from the location in cities and towns

The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao or BARMM has a ______ level of urbanization of 27.6%

The City of Cebu has an ______ population of 908,195 and a level of urbanization of 94.2 percent

Cities are formed because they provide ______ advantages to producers and consumers

Region VIII - Eastern Visayas has a ______ level of urbanization of 14.7%

Urbanization economies and localization economies are two forms of ______ economies