Effects of Immobility on Different Body Systems Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the central point of weight of an object called?

  • Center of gravity (correct)
  • Center of mass
  • Balance point
  • Midpoint

    • What is the main function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

  • Store calcium and phosphorus
  • Generate body heat
  • Produce bone marrow
  • Communicate with muscles and sensory receptors (correct)

    • Which component is NOT part of the skeletal system?

  • White blood cells (WBC) (correct)
  • Tendons
  • Ligaments
  • Macrophages

    • What can repetitive actions lead to, according to the text?

    <p>Injury or degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is responsible for producing red blood cells (RBC), platelets, and macrophages?

    <p>Skeletal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does optimal posture benefit the body according to the text?

    <p>Decreases fatigue and energy usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position impairs the ability of the rib cage to freely expand?

    <p>Supine position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can chronic constipation lead to in clients with limited mobility?

    <p>Physical impaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does supine position affect the mechanism of the bladder and kidneys?

    <p>Increases risk of incomplete bladder emptying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does prolonged pressure on bony prominences have on the skin?

    <p>Increases risk for skin breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does decreased mobility affect a client's psychological well-being?

    <p>Leads to feeling frustrated, anxious, and depressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does physical inactivity have on a person's ability to perform tasks?

    <p>Leads to loss of ability to perform tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the axilla crusher pads rest when adjusted?

    <p>1 to 2 inches below the axilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In crutch positioning, where should the handgrips ideally be placed?

    <p>At least level with the hip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using a MAT in client evaluation?

    <p>Measuring the level of assistance needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assisted devices in healthcare settings?

    <p>To decrease strain on staff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a client to be able to use a mechanical sit-to-stand lift?

    <p>Lower extremity strength and balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of moderate-intensity aerobic activity for adults per week?

    <p>150 minutes per week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can increase the risk of muscle strain and injury?

    <p>Twisting the torso while lifting objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core result of changes to muscles and connective tissue?

    <p>Joint contracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological impact of prolonged immobility on muscle mass?

    <p>Loss of lean muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs after 24 hours of bedrest related to body fluids?

    <p>Increased volume return to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can result from deep vein thrombosis?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is altered in the cardiovascular system due to prolonged immobility?

    <p>Release of hormones to regulate fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of orthostatic hypotension?

    <p>Prolonged immobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key symptom of foot drop?

    <p>Inability to dorsiflex the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of joint contracture?

    <p>Prolonged immobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiologically happens to muscle mass if not used?

    <p>Atrophy becomes smaller and weaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a symptom that the nurse should monitor for in a client experiencing mobility issues?

    <p>Sweating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outward curvature of the thoracic area of the spine, commonly seen in older adult females known as?

    <p>Kyphosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a gait belt when assisting a client with mobility?

    <p>To assist with stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group reaches maximum muscle mass and strength but experiences a slight decline in mobility?

    <p>Adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a patient do before standing to prevent orthostatic hypotension?

    <p>Sit for a few minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be used alone or with another assistive device like a walker or pivot disc to increase mobility?

    <p>Cane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of walker provides the greatest amount of support but requires strength and coordination?

    <p>Standard walker with no wheels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using a walker with three or four wheels?

    <p>Assist with balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal production range of urine in adults per day?

    <p>1 to 1.5 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of dark brown urine color according to the text?

    <p>Indicative of dehydration or kidney/liver issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ureter in the urinary system?

    <p>Conducts urine from kidneys to bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body alert the brain when the bladder needs to be emptied?

    <p>Neural signals from receptors in the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause red discoloration of urine, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Consumption of blackberries and beets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to urine production with age according to the text?

    <p>Decreases slightly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can dietary considerations influence, leading to changes in stool production?

    <p>Reducing muscle tone in the bowel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of accidental bowel leakage known as incontinence?

    <p>Urinary incontinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can result in urinary leakage due to nerve damage?

    <p>Incomplete bladder emptying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle modification can help prevent constipation according to the text?

    <p>Quitting smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of frequent loose water stool mentioned in the text?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be the cause of urinary hesitancy and weak urine stream according to the text?

    <p>Enlarged prostate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common nursing intervention for bowel elimination in clients?

    <p>Administering enemas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign should a nurse educate a client with a bowel diversion to watch for as a possible problem?

    <p>Skin or pouch irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a nasogastric tube in nursing care?

    <p>To decompress the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of skin care for immobile clients to prevent breakdown and infection?

    <p>Keeping the skin clean and dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication that can arise from postoperative bleeding through a stoma or rectum?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason for using diversions and ostomies in healthcare?

    <p>To reroute intestinal contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for kidney stones?

    <p>Cystic kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can affect urine production?

    <p>Iron supplement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of urinary tract infection (UTI)?

    <p>Fever and nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main intervention for dehydration?

    <p>Rehydration with IV fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to severe lower back pain, fever, and nausea if left untreated?

    <p>Kidney stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of Crohn's disease?

    <p>Abdominal cramping and bloating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of functional incontinence?

    <p>Decreased physical mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential intervention for bowel incontinence?

    <p>'Over-the-counter' medication use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for diverticulitis?

    <p>'Low fiber' diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary manifestation of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - D?

    <p>Loose and watery bowel movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with chronic disease affecting the G.I. tract?

    <p>Joint pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intervention involves surgically creating a stoma in the small intestine for urinary diversion?

    <p>Urostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a J-pouch in the context of ostomy care?

    <p>To create a valve using ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a complication that a patient with fecal diversion could experience?

    <p>Skin complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle change could be implemented to manage bladder issues?

    <p>Bladder training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure involves inserting a tube directly into the bladder and attaching it to a drainage bag outside of the abdomen?

    <p>Urinary catheterization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the purposes of ostomy care?

    <p>To prevent infection and maintain skin integrity around stoma sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication could result from indwelling catheter use?

    <p>Urinary tract infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can repetitive actions lead to in clients with limited mobility?

    <p>Muscle strain and injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological impact does prolonged immobility have on muscle mass?

    <p>Decreases muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Musculoskeletal Group

    • The musculoskeletal group consists of muscles, bones, joints, tendons, cartilage, and ligaments, providing stability and support for the body.
    • Functions of the musculoskeletal group include movement, posture, and positioning, as well as generating body heat.

    Nervous System

    • The nervous system consists of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
    • The PNS is made up of thousands of nerves that communicate with muscles and sensory receptors through chemical signals called neural transmitters.
    • The nervous system, along with the musculoskeletal and skeletal systems, work together to maintain posture, alignment, and balance.

    Movement and Posture

    • Proper posture supports the spine, muscles, and joints, increasing strength, decreasing fatigue, and using less energy.
    • The center of gravity is the central point of weight, and it shifts depending on the position of the body.
    • Reaching, bending, and twisting can increase the risk of muscle strain and injury, especially when done in awkward positions.

    Ergonomics

    • Ergonomics is the study of body mechanics in relation to the demands and design of the work environment and equipment.
    • Controls, loud noise, transfer lift cards, furniture, and whole body vibrations can be environmental hazards that affect the body.

    Mobility

    • Mobility is the ability to move about without restrictions, and it is essential for physical and psychological well-being.
    • Prolonged immobility can lead to a decrease in muscle mass, bone density, and strength, as well as an increase in the risk of diseases.

    Effects of Immobility

    • Immobility can affect the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems.
    • Immobility can lead to joint contracture, muscle atrophy, and changes in bone density.
    • Prolonged immobility can also cause alterations in the cardiovascular system, including orthostatic hypotension, deep vein thrombosis, and cardiac conditioning.

    Respiratory System

    • Immobility can affect the respiratory system, leading to atelectasis, pneumonia, and decreased lung function.
    • Supine positions can impair the ability of the rib cage to expand, leading to decreased lung function and increased risk of infection.

    Gastrointestinal System

    • Immobility can affect the gastrointestinal system, leading to gastroesophageal reflux, decreased appetite, and malnutrition.
    • Constipation can occur due to a lack of physical activity, leading to hard, dry stool and difficulty passing stool.

    Genitourinary System

    • Immobility can affect the genitourinary system, leading to urinary retention, incontinence, and an increased risk of urinary tract infections.
    • Supine positions can interfere with the mechanism of the bladder and kidneys, increasing the risk of incomplete emptying and urinary retention.

    Integumentary System

    • Immobility can affect the integumentary system, leading to skin breakdown, pressure ulcers, and an increased risk of infection.
    • Prolonged pressure on the skin and tissues can lead to compression and skin breakdown.

    Psychological Effects

    • Immobility can lead to psychological effects, including decreased self-esteem, depression, and anxiety.
    • Loss of mobility can lead to a loss of independence, affecting daily activities and hobbies.

    Nursing Interventions

    • Nurses can intervene to promote mobility, including activity tolerance, balance, and posture.

    • Nurses can use assistive devices, such as canes, walkers, and pivot discs, to aid clients in ambulation.

    • Nurses can also perform mobility assessments, including the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, to evaluate a client's mobility status.### Types of Incontinence

    • Reflex incontinence: a sudden, uncontrollable need to urinate

    • Overflow incontinence: a constant dribble of urine due to a full bladder

    • Functional incontinence: a physical or mental impairment that prevents a person from reaching the toilet in time

    • Nocturnal enuresis: bedwetting

    • Urge incontinence: a strong, sudden need to urinate

    • Passive incontinence: loss of urine without the person being aware of it

    • Fecal incontinence: loss of bowel control

    Urinary Retention

    • Caused by medications, such as diuretics, antacids, and antidepressants
    • Associated with urinary obstruction, frequent urinary catheterization, and diabetes
    • Manifestation: inability to urinate, lower abdominal pain, and fever
    • Intervention: medical attention, rehydration with IV fluids, and catheterization

    Dehydration

    • Caused by excessive vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, or inadequate fluid intake
    • Associated with fever, thirst, dry mouth, fatigue, and dark-colored urine
    • Intervention: rehydration with IV fluids or oral replacement of lost fluids

    Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

    • Caused by bacteria, more common in females
    • Manifestation: burning or painful urination, frequent urination, and fever
    • Intervention: medical attention, antibiotics, and fluids

    Kidney Stones

    • Formation of minerals in the kidneys
    • Risk factors: cystic kidney disease, gout, hypercalciuria, and obesity
    • Manifestation: sharp back pain, nausea, vomiting, and blood in the urine
    • Intervention: medical attention, fluids, and pain medication

    Kidney Failure

    • Risk factors: diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, and family history
    • Manifestation: fatigue, nausea, and decreased urine output
    • Intervention: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or kidney transplant

    Prostate Enlargement

    • A non-cancerous condition, more common in males
    • Manifestation: urinary retention, frequent urination, and slow urinary stream
    • Intervention: medical attention, catheterization, and surgery

    Diverticulitis

    • Formation of small pouches in the colon, leading to inflammation and infection
    • Manifestation: abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits
    • Intervention: medical attention, antibiotics, and fluids

    Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

    • A chronic condition, characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits
    • Manifestation: diarrhea, constipation, or mixed bowel habits
    • Intervention: lifestyle changes, medication, and stress management

    Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease

    • Chronic conditions, characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the colon and small intestine
    • Risk factors: family history, Jewish descent, and environmental factors
    • Manifestation: diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue, and weight loss
    • Intervention: medical attention, medication, and surgery

    Bowel Diversions

    • Fecal diversion: surgical creation of a stoma to allow passage of body waste
    • Urinary diversion: surgical creation of a stoma to allow passage of urine
    • Complications: skin irritation, infection, and electrolyte imbalance
    • Ostomy care: specialized care to maintain skin integrity and prevent complications

    Urinalysis

    • Evaluation of urine for bladder infection, UTI, kidney disease, and diabetes
    • Methods: clean catch, catheterization, and 24-hour urine collection
    • Complications: UTI, kidney infection, and skin complications

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    Test your knowledge on the effects of immobility on various body systems such as the genitourinary system, integumentary system, and respiratory system. Learn how being in a supine position and reduced air exchange can impact different organs and functions.

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