Effects of Erotic Stimuli on Brain Regions and Gender Differences
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Questions and Answers

What is the main problem for physiological theories of personality according to the text?

  • The challenge in studying individual differences in brain functioning (correct)
  • The abundance of information stored in memory
  • The difficulty in studying genetic variation
  • The lack of evidence linking genes to behavior

What role do genes play in influencing behavior according to the text?

  • Only influence memory processing
  • Directly control behavior
  • Have no influence on behavior
  • Indirectly affect behavior through brain processes (correct)

How do indirect approaches study brain functioning in relation to personality?

  • By analyzing skin conductance only
  • By directly measuring brain activity
  • By examining peripheral physiological measures (correct)
  • By focusing on cognitive processes

What does an increase in skin conductance (sweaty hands) typically reveal according to the text?

<p>Biological differences in anxiety (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for genes to have an effect on behavior, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Influence biological processes underlying information processing in the brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to study individual differences in the functioning of the brain for physiological theories of personality?

<p>Especially when interested in stable dispositions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain regions showed robust effects of erotic stimuli compared to neutral control stimuli in the meta-analysis?

<p>Insula and amygdala (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the authors find regarding gender differences in response to visual sexual stimuli?

<p>There were no functional differences between men and women (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the study mentioned, which brain regions showed sex differences according to a different group of researchers?

<p>Hypothalamus and cingulate cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the disagreement about sex differences in brain activation between studies highlight?

<p>The complexity of individual variation in brain responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when interpreting brain data from fMRI studies?

<p>Brain measures have to meet criteria of reliability and validity like other measures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is described as older and cheaper to measure brain activity compared to fMRI?

<p>Electroencephalography (EEG) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main conclusion regarding serotonin's involvement in mood regulation?

<p>It affects both negative and positive mood states. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do illegal drugs like amphetamines and cocaine affect dopamine levels according to the text?

<p>They release dopamine into the synaptic cleft. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory links dopamine to extraversion according to the text?

<p>Dopamine is connected to extraversion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the difficulty in finding studies that use legal drugs to alter dopamine levels according to the text?

<p>Ethical concerns surrounding using legal drugs in research. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between effective treatment of mood disorders and personality changes according to the text?

<p>Mood disorders produce changes in personality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What have some studies suggested about the reward centers of extraverts?

<p>Extraverts have larger reward centers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial simplistic idea about oxytocin?

<p>People with higher oxytocin levels are more loving and affectionate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did subsequent studies reveal about the claim that oxytocin increases trust?

<p>They refuted the claim. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary when considering findings in the oxytocin literature?

<p>Being skeptical due to inconsistent replication of results. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why has it been challenging to link individual differences in hormone levels to specific personality traits?

<p>Because most research focuses on hormone level changes in response to situations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is highlighted as a challenge in biological research with humans?

<p>The large sample sizes needed for conclusive evidence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding oxytocin found in the text?

<p>Individuals with higher oxytocin levels are always more loving and affectionate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern with using dopamine agonists in treating acute psychosis?

<p>They trigger psychotic episodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug is more commonly used to treat acute psychosis?

<p>Dopamine antagonists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did one study find about the effect of a low dose of haloperidol on behavior?

<p>It lowered positive affect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biological correlate shows the clearest relationship with Neuroticism?

<p>Resting frontal EEG asymmetry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a potential source of disappointment mentioned by the author related to studying biological correlates of personality traits?

<p>Inconclusive results (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the author's personal experience that led to potential projection of disappointment onto readers?

<p>Reading many abstracts and articles without robust findings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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