Effects of Erotic Stimuli on Brain Regions and Gender Differences
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Questions and Answers

What is the main problem for physiological theories of personality according to the text?

  • The challenge in studying individual differences in brain functioning (correct)
  • The abundance of information stored in memory
  • The difficulty in studying genetic variation
  • The lack of evidence linking genes to behavior

    • What role do genes play in influencing behavior according to the text?

  • Only influence memory processing
  • Directly control behavior
  • Have no influence on behavior
  • Indirectly affect behavior through brain processes (correct)

    • How do indirect approaches study brain functioning in relation to personality?

  • By analyzing skin conductance only
  • By directly measuring brain activity
  • By examining peripheral physiological measures (correct)
  • By focusing on cognitive processes

    • What does an increase in skin conductance (sweaty hands) typically reveal according to the text?

    <p>Biological differences in anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for genes to have an effect on behavior, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Influence biological processes underlying information processing in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to study individual differences in the functioning of the brain for physiological theories of personality?

    <p>Especially when interested in stable dispositions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain regions showed robust effects of erotic stimuli compared to neutral control stimuli in the meta-analysis?

    <p>Insula and amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the authors find regarding gender differences in response to visual sexual stimuli?

    <p>There were no functional differences between men and women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the study mentioned, which brain regions showed sex differences according to a different group of researchers?

    <p>Hypothalamus and cingulate cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the disagreement about sex differences in brain activation between studies highlight?

    <p>The complexity of individual variation in brain responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when interpreting brain data from fMRI studies?

    <p>Brain measures have to meet criteria of reliability and validity like other measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is described as older and cheaper to measure brain activity compared to fMRI?

    <p>Electroencephalography (EEG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main conclusion regarding serotonin's involvement in mood regulation?

    <p>It affects both negative and positive mood states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do illegal drugs like amphetamines and cocaine affect dopamine levels according to the text?

    <p>They release dopamine into the synaptic cleft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory links dopamine to extraversion according to the text?

    <p>Dopamine is connected to extraversion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the difficulty in finding studies that use legal drugs to alter dopamine levels according to the text?

    <p>Ethical concerns surrounding using legal drugs in research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between effective treatment of mood disorders and personality changes according to the text?

    <p>Mood disorders produce changes in personality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What have some studies suggested about the reward centers of extraverts?

    <p>Extraverts have larger reward centers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial simplistic idea about oxytocin?

    <p>People with higher oxytocin levels are more loving and affectionate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did subsequent studies reveal about the claim that oxytocin increases trust?

    <p>They refuted the claim.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary when considering findings in the oxytocin literature?

    <p>Being skeptical due to inconsistent replication of results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has it been challenging to link individual differences in hormone levels to specific personality traits?

    <p>Because most research focuses on hormone level changes in response to situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is highlighted as a challenge in biological research with humans?

    <p>The large sample sizes needed for conclusive evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding oxytocin found in the text?

    <p>Individuals with higher oxytocin levels are always more loving and affectionate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern with using dopamine agonists in treating acute psychosis?

    <p>They trigger psychotic episodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug is more commonly used to treat acute psychosis?

    <p>Dopamine antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did one study find about the effect of a low dose of haloperidol on behavior?

    <p>It lowered positive affect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biological correlate shows the clearest relationship with Neuroticism?

    <p>Resting frontal EEG asymmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a potential source of disappointment mentioned by the author related to studying biological correlates of personality traits?

    <p>Inconclusive results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the author's personal experience that led to potential projection of disappointment onto readers?

    <p>Reading many abstracts and articles without robust findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

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