Effects of Deviating from Recommended Sleep Times
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of NREM Sleep stage 2?

  • Presence of rapid eye movement (REM)
  • Presence of sleep spindles (correct)
  • Presence of sleep paralysis
  • Presence of sleep apnea

    • Which stage of sleep reflects deep sleep or slow wave sleep?

  • NREM Sleep stage 3 (N3) (correct)
  • NREM Sleep stage 2 (N2)
  • REM Sleep stage
  • NREM Sleep stage 1 (N1)

    • What is the significance of K-complexes in NREM Sleep stage 2?

  • Reflecting periods of sensory inputs optimization (correct)
  • Associated with sleep-walking
  • Indicating absence of environmental awareness
  • Leading to REM sleep

    • How long does it take for an individual to have good sleep onset latency?

    <p>10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What frequency range characterizes sleep spindles in NREM Sleep stage 2?

    <p>11 to 16 hertz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region presents maximally the K-complexes in NREM Sleep stage 2?

    <p>Frontal regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main point emphasized by the panel that created the guidelines for the National Sleep Foundation?

    <p>Some individuals may deviate from the recommended sleep times without any adverse effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why population-level studies tend to bias data towards higher sleep duration estimates?

    <p>These studies do not differentiate between time in bed and actual sleep time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the five key dimensions of sleep known as SATED?

    <p>Sleep Quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of Satisfaction with sleep or quality of sleep reflect?

    <p>The subjective assessment of sleep quality that is independent from the quantity of sleep obtained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence for individuals who intentionally restrict their sleep for a long period?

    <p>They may be compromising their health and wellbeing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the guidelines for the National Sleep Foundation is NOT true?

    <p>They are intended to be strictly followed by all individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH)?

    <p>To coordinate the generation of a wake-promoting signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway does the ascending arousal system follow to bring online the motor and sensory pathways?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the wake-promoting signal from the DMH peak?

    <p>Between 7 and 10 pm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the signal from the DMH diminishes?

    <p>The ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) becomes active to promote sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) do to create a sleep-promoting signal?

    <p>It sends inhibitory signals to the various pathways within the ascending arousal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the interplay between neural circuits within the circadian system commonly described?

    <p>As a flip-flop switch (also known as a rocker switch)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most well-known fundamental mechanism that coordinates and governs sleep and wakefulness?

    <p>Circadian rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the variation in circadian rhythms is attributable to specific genetic factors?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central pacemaker of the circadian system that generally follows a 24-hour cyclic period?

    <p>The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following systems does the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) receive inputs from to generate a coordinated and adaptable sleep-wake rhythm?

    <p>The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), food, temperature, and social cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two opposing factors that result in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness?

    <p>Circadian phase and homeostatic sleep pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original hypothesis for the effects of physical activity on sleep?

    <p>The Thermogenic Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is one reason the Thermogenic Hypothesis is considered a poor fit?

    <p>It does not explain the benefits of physical activity 8 hours prior to sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alternative hypothesis proposed in the passage?

    <p>The Light Exposure Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Light Exposure Hypothesis, what might minimize the beneficial influence of physical activity on sleep?

    <p>Engaging in physical activity during non-daylight hours or in low-light environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of activity is specifically mentioned in the passage as having beneficial effects on sleep?

    <p>Physical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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