Effects of Deviating from Recommended Sleep Times

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What is the characteristic of NREM Sleep stage 2?

Presence of rapid eye movement (REM)

Presence of sleep spindles (correct)

Presence of sleep paralysis

Presence of sleep apnea

Which stage of sleep reflects deep sleep or slow wave sleep?

NREM Sleep stage 3 (N3) (correct)

NREM Sleep stage 2 (N2)

REM Sleep stage

NREM Sleep stage 1 (N1)

What is the significance of K-complexes in NREM Sleep stage 2?

Reflecting periods of sensory inputs optimization (correct)

Associated with sleep-walking

Indicating absence of environmental awareness

Leading to REM sleep

How long does it take for an individual to have good sleep onset latency?

10 minutes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What frequency range characterizes sleep spindles in NREM Sleep stage 2?

11 to 16 hertz (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which region presents maximally the K-complexes in NREM Sleep stage 2?

Frontal regions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point emphasized by the panel that created the guidelines for the National Sleep Foundation?

Some individuals may deviate from the recommended sleep times without any adverse effects. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why population-level studies tend to bias data towards higher sleep duration estimates?

These studies do not differentiate between time in bed and actual sleep time. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five key dimensions of sleep known as SATED?

Sleep Quality (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of Satisfaction with sleep or quality of sleep reflect?

The subjective assessment of sleep quality that is independent from the quantity of sleep obtained. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence for individuals who intentionally restrict their sleep for a long period?

They may be compromising their health and wellbeing. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the guidelines for the National Sleep Foundation is NOT true?

They are intended to be strictly followed by all individuals. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH)?

To coordinate the generation of a wake-promoting signal (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway does the ascending arousal system follow to bring online the motor and sensory pathways?

Thalamus (A) Signup and view all the answers

When does the wake-promoting signal from the DMH peak?

Between 7 and 10 pm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the signal from the DMH diminishes?

The ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) becomes active to promote sleep (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) do to create a sleep-promoting signal?

It sends inhibitory signals to the various pathways within the ascending arousal system (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is the interplay between neural circuits within the circadian system commonly described?

As a flip-flop switch (also known as a rocker switch) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most well-known fundamental mechanism that coordinates and governs sleep and wakefulness?

Circadian rhythm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the variation in circadian rhythms is attributable to specific genetic factors?

50% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the central pacemaker of the circadian system that generally follows a 24-hour cyclic period?

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems does the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) receive inputs from to generate a coordinated and adaptable sleep-wake rhythm?

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), food, temperature, and social cues (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two opposing factors that result in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness?

Circadian phase and homeostatic sleep pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the original hypothesis for the effects of physical activity on sleep?

The Thermogenic Hypothesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is one reason the Thermogenic Hypothesis is considered a poor fit?

It does not explain the benefits of physical activity 8 hours prior to sleep (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative hypothesis proposed in the passage?

The Light Exposure Hypothesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Light Exposure Hypothesis, what might minimize the beneficial influence of physical activity on sleep?

Engaging in physical activity during non-daylight hours or in low-light environments (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of activity is specifically mentioned in the passage as having beneficial effects on sleep?

Physical activity (D) Signup and view all the answers