Effects of Deviating from Recommended Sleep Times
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of NREM Sleep stage 2?

  • Presence of rapid eye movement (REM)
  • Presence of sleep spindles (correct)
  • Presence of sleep paralysis
  • Presence of sleep apnea

Which stage of sleep reflects deep sleep or slow wave sleep?

  • NREM Sleep stage 3 (N3) (correct)
  • NREM Sleep stage 2 (N2)
  • REM Sleep stage
  • NREM Sleep stage 1 (N1)

What is the significance of K-complexes in NREM Sleep stage 2?

  • Reflecting periods of sensory inputs optimization (correct)
  • Associated with sleep-walking
  • Indicating absence of environmental awareness
  • Leading to REM sleep

How long does it take for an individual to have good sleep onset latency?

<p>10 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What frequency range characterizes sleep spindles in NREM Sleep stage 2?

<p>11 to 16 hertz (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region presents maximally the K-complexes in NREM Sleep stage 2?

<p>Frontal regions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point emphasized by the panel that created the guidelines for the National Sleep Foundation?

<p>Some individuals may deviate from the recommended sleep times without any adverse effects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why population-level studies tend to bias data towards higher sleep duration estimates?

<p>These studies do not differentiate between time in bed and actual sleep time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five key dimensions of sleep known as SATED?

<p>Sleep Quality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of Satisfaction with sleep or quality of sleep reflect?

<p>The subjective assessment of sleep quality that is independent from the quantity of sleep obtained. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence for individuals who intentionally restrict their sleep for a long period?

<p>They may be compromising their health and wellbeing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the guidelines for the National Sleep Foundation is NOT true?

<p>They are intended to be strictly followed by all individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH)?

<p>To coordinate the generation of a wake-promoting signal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway does the ascending arousal system follow to bring online the motor and sensory pathways?

<p>Thalamus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the wake-promoting signal from the DMH peak?

<p>Between 7 and 10 pm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the signal from the DMH diminishes?

<p>The ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) becomes active to promote sleep (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) do to create a sleep-promoting signal?

<p>It sends inhibitory signals to the various pathways within the ascending arousal system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the interplay between neural circuits within the circadian system commonly described?

<p>As a flip-flop switch (also known as a rocker switch) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most well-known fundamental mechanism that coordinates and governs sleep and wakefulness?

<p>Circadian rhythm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the variation in circadian rhythms is attributable to specific genetic factors?

<p>50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central pacemaker of the circadian system that generally follows a 24-hour cyclic period?

<p>The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems does the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) receive inputs from to generate a coordinated and adaptable sleep-wake rhythm?

<p>The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), food, temperature, and social cues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two opposing factors that result in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness?

<p>Circadian phase and homeostatic sleep pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the original hypothesis for the effects of physical activity on sleep?

<p>The Thermogenic Hypothesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is one reason the Thermogenic Hypothesis is considered a poor fit?

<p>It does not explain the benefits of physical activity 8 hours prior to sleep (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative hypothesis proposed in the passage?

<p>The Light Exposure Hypothesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Light Exposure Hypothesis, what might minimize the beneficial influence of physical activity on sleep?

<p>Engaging in physical activity during non-daylight hours or in low-light environments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of activity is specifically mentioned in the passage as having beneficial effects on sleep?

<p>Physical activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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