Effective teaching methods

• Curriculum should be predetermined and universal.
• Standardized testing is not the best way to measure student learning.
• Students should not be passive recipients of knowledge from their teachers
• Impairment is a biological condition, while disability is a functional condition.
• Half-solved examples are examples of scaffolding
• According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, children are self-centered and see their own benefit in doing something at the first stage in the first level.

Mathematics & Science

• 1 is neither a prime nor a composite number
• 2 and 2/3 right angles is 240 degrees
• A square is always a regular polygon
• It costs ₹ 50 to send a 350g parcel
• 'Multiplicity of approaches' in teaching mathematics doesn't hamper the learning of a child even if it leads to confusion
• According to National Curriculum Framework, 2005, memorizing formulae a process are least relevant in a primary mathematics classroom

Cognitive Conflict in Teaching Mathematics

• Thoughtful efforts of a teacher to expose children to cognitive conflict can enhance their mathematical understanding
• Children get confused so cognitive conflict must be avoided

Teaching-learning Material

• Mathematics lab is essential as it provides opportunities for hands on activities for students

• Yamina threw a dice 10 times and the number 3 has the mazimum outcomes

• Word problems refer to exercises where the child formalises the situation into a form where a specific mathematical technique can be applied

• 2365 should be subtracted from the sum of 9909, 9099 and 9009 to obtain 25454

• One millimetre is the same as 0.1 cm

• After a frog jumps 3 steps and a rabbit jumps 7 steps at a time starting from a place O, at the 378 step, they both will be jumping together

• Money model is least appropriate to develop the conceptual understanding regarding the relationships of ones, tens and hundreds in early grade learners

• Student of class III solved 26 × 5 and got 1030, teacher should use the concept of regrouping

• Formal examination to assess the knowledge gained by the students is not knowledge of India

• The value of 25.3×5-35÷5-3×18.5 is 64.0

• The most appropriate method to introduce 'Data Handling' at primary stage is Within classroom, collecting statistics of students' height; favourite food; colour; cartoon etc. and asking questions related to data.

National Education Policy (NEP) 2020

• Assessment of learners include: cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains
• Brij had a wire of length 100 metres to cover the land of his choice. He wanted to take the biggest land with, 25 m x 25 m measurements

Encouraging Mathematical Learning

• Discourage intuition as it hampers the development of mathematical ideas is less appropriate for encouraging mathematical learning
• A number becomes double if it is increased by 8. The number is 8
• 7.5 dozen items of 7.50 each item costs least than the others
• Mathematical language at Primary level should be precise and should be reinforced through child's language used in everyday life
• Aspect of evaluation is used when a teacher ensures that test made by her fulfils the objectives and criteria of that test related to Validity
• See the number pattern given below: 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, the next two terms will be 216 and 343
• The sum of all angles of a triangle is 180°
• While solving 182 – 67 in class II a teacher explained that we have to subtract 7 from 2 and 2 is smaller than 7. So we will borrow one from 8 and then we can subtract 7 from 12. Teacher should change the word 'borrowing' to 'regrouping' and then show the process of regrouping.