Effective Lesson Planning Techniques

Planning & Executing the Lesson

• SMART goals are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.

Writing Lesson Objectives

• Lesson objectives should align with three domains: Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor.

• Cognitive: How students will use mental processes like recalling, understanding, applying, analyzing, creating, and evaluating information.

• Affective: How students will demonstrate emotional responses like receiving, responding, valuing, organizing, and internalizing information.

• Psychomotor: How students will develop physical skills through imitation, manipulation, precision, and communication.

Selection and Use of Teaching Strategies

• Learning is an active process.

• Multiple senses enhance learning.

• A non-threatening environment promotes learning.

• Emotions play a crucial role in retention and learning.

• Good teaching goes beyond memorization.

• An integrated approach is more effective than isolated teaching.

• Learning is meaningful when connected to real life.

• The best method is the one that works and produces results.

Integrative Strategies

• Brain-based Instructional Strategies: Strategies using brain-friendly approaches to enhance learning.

• Examples: Problem-solving, projects, simulations, visual processing, hands-on activities, songs, and mnemonics.

Different Approaches and Methods

• Direct/Expositive Instruction Approach: Teacher-centered methods emphasizing direct transmission of information.

• Methods: Direct instruction, deductive method, and demonstration method.

• Guided/Exploratory Approach: Student-centered methods encouraging active learning and exploration.

• Methods: Inquiry approach, problem-solving method, project method, metacognitive approach, constructivist approach, reflective teaching, cooperative learning, peer tutoring, and partner learning.

Motivation

• Internal drive that prompts action.

• Energizes, directs, and sustains behavior.

• Engages learners in the learning process.

Motivational Strategies

• Variety in teaching strategies.

• Engaging activities like storytelling, poetry recitation, and contests.

• Positive reinforcement and rewards.

• Humor (used appropriately).

• Pleasant personality and positive interaction.

• Use of objects, equipment, models, and activities to keep learners engaged.

Effective Questioning

• Different types of questions serve specific purposes: assessing cognition, verification, creative thinking, evaluation, productive thinking, motivation, and instruction.

• Types of questions based on level/answer: Low level (basic), High level (abstract), Convergent (single answer), and Divergent (multiple possible answers).

Questioning Skills

• Varying question types: open-ended, non-directed, etc.

• Asking questions that require abstract thinking.

• Calling on non-volunteers.

• Allowing sufficient wait time.

• Rephrasing or simplifying questions.

• Assessing comprehension.

• Sequencing questions logically.

• Involving as many students as possible.

Handling Students’ Response

• Providing feedback on responses: being tactful, giving hints, explaining the correct answer.

• Giving appropriate praise for high-quality responses.

• Making follow-up questions related to the previous question.

• Redirecting questions to involve more students.

• Showing non-verbal encouragement: gestures, eye contact, smiles.

• Encouraging learners to ask questions.

Principles in Classroom Management

• Consistent and proactive discipline.

• Establishing routines for daily tasks.

• Orchestrating smooth transitions.

• Balancing variety and challenge in student activities.

• Being aware of all actions in the classroom.

• Resolving minor disruptions promptly.

• Reinforcing positive behavior.

• Treating minor disturbances calmly.

• Arranging seating to facilitate interaction.

• Maximizing instructional time by minimizing discipline time.