Effective Communication

حيث تواجد ق ياسلىا لتناغم ب ينا ل = Where harmony is achieved between the two parties حيث لتحفيز وا الستجابة = Where motivation and response are ensured اتصا ثحيث ثير ا لتعليقات = Where comments are exchanged حدث فاعلم ستمر م ن ا = Communicative event leads to understanding

الرسائلهنا = Our messages حيث تواجد ق ياسلىا لتناغم ب ينا ل = Where harmony is achieved between the two parties النائيا التجاه; = Mutual understanding ياصر ا لتناغم = Achieving harmony

حيث ثير ا لتعليقات = Where comments are exchanged حدث فاعلم ستمر م ن ا = Communicative event leads to understanding حيث لتحفيز وا الستجابة = Where motivation and response are ensured اتصا ث = Dialogue

<p>النائيا التجاه; = Mutual understanding حيث تواجد ق ياسلىا لتناغم ب ينا ل = Where harmony is achieved between the two parties ك ي = So that ت = You</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ي = He حيث لتحفيز وا الستجابة = Where motivation and response are ensured اتصا ثحيث ثير ا لتعليقات = Where comments are exchanged حديث شكلرابط = True communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>وهنا = Here والشخصينم = And two people هيا التصا = This goal الحقيقية = Reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ت عليقات = Real relationships ت لحقيقية = To reality س لوكا = Luca's goal ون hướng = Directed to</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>تع اونيًا = Become one ون سيقا = And is guided aliقाट = Real relationships هذه هيا = This is it</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>هيا التصا ال = This goal is ون هد ف = And his goal وهنا ويصبح = And here becomes عين هذه = This eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>عليقات = Relationships هيا الهدف = This goal س لوكا لشخصينم = Luca's goal is for two people ت لحقيقية/ = To reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single bit errors = Caused by impulse noise or by fading in wireless communication Burst errors = Effect greater at higher data rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Error-detecting code = Recalculated and checked by receiver Parity bit = Set so character has even or odd number of ones Cyclic Redundancy Check = One of the most common and powerful checks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clocks not aligned = Sample at wrong time Clocks drifting = Sample at wrong time Clocks synchronized = Sample at correct time Clocks at rest = No sampling issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single bit errors = Effect greater at higher data rates Burst errors = Caused by white noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parity bit = Set so character has even or odd number of ones Error-detecting code = Added by transmitter to detect errors Cyclic Redundancy Check = One of the most common and powerful checks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sufficient bits are sent = Sampling occurs Insufficient bits are sent = No sampling occurs Clocks are aligned = Sampling at correct time Clocks are drifting = Sampling at wrong time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Undetected error = Will have errors using error-detecting code Error detection = Can be detected using error-detecting code</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alignment of clocks = Clocks having the same time Drifting of clocks = Clocks moving at different rates Synchronization of clocks = Clocks having the same time Desynchronization of clocks = Clocks having different times</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sampling at wrong time = Clocks not aligned Sampling at correct time = Clocks synchronized Sampling not occurring = Insufficient bits sent Sampling occurring = Sufficient bits sent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clocks are drifting = Clocks are moving at different rates Clocks are synchronized = Clocks have the same time Clocks are aligned = Clocks have the same time Clocks are desynchronized = Clocks have different times</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High bit error rate = Lots of retransmissions Long propagation delay = Retransmission of frame in error plus many subsequent frames Requirement for data block retransmission = Not appropriate for wireless applications Need for error correction = Error correction provides this</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retransmission = Wireless applications Error correction = Satellite communication Data block retransmission = General-purpose communication Error detection = Client-server communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Error correction = Provides mechanism to correct errors on basis of bits received Error detection = Usually requires data block to be retransmitted Bit error rate = High in wireless applications Propagation delay = Long in satellite communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rama Omar Error Correction Process = Adds redundancy to transmitted message Error correction = Deduces original message despite some errors Error detection = Detects errors in transmitted message Retransmission = Retransmits data block in error</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adds redundancy to transmitted message = Enables correction of errors on basis of bits received Provides mechanism to correct errors = Reduces need for retransmission Deduces original message despite some errors = Improves communication reliability Detects errors in transmitted message = Enables error detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wireless applications = High bit error rate Satellite communication = Long propagation delay Client-server communication = Error detection General-purpose communication = Data block retransmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Error correction = Improves communication reliability Error detection = Enables detection of errors Retransmission = Guarantees accurate data transmission Data block retransmission = Reduces need for retransmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Error correction = Corrects errors on basis of bits received Error detection = Detects errors in transmitted message Bit error rate = Measure of error frequency Propagation delay = Time delay between transmission and reception</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rama Omar Error Correction Process = Corrects errors in transmitted message Error correction = Improves communication reliability Error detection = Detects errors in transmitted message Retransmission = Guarantees accurate data transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of an error</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No error is presumed to exist</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No error has occurred</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No error has occurred</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An error is always present</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An error has occurred</p> Signup and view all the answers