Effect of Nationalism: Russian Revolutions
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Questions and Answers

Which group of people fought for their hard-earned properties, resulting in the death of 5-10 million farmers and landowners?

  • Women involved in the economy
  • Supporters of the Kuomintang party
  • People who believed in modernizing to counter Westerners
  • Landowners and farmers, especially kulaks (correct)

    • What was the recognition of women's vital role in the economy under Stalin's Five-Year Plans?

  • Women were encouraged to study and take math and science courses
  • Motherhood became an important duty to provide future generations
  • 75% of Soviet doctors were women by 1950
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What was the main reason people in China believed they needed to modernize?

  • To support the Allies in World War I
  • To counter the growing foreign domination and control over the economy and political decisions (correct)
  • To overthrow the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty
  • To expect the return of territories seized by Germany after the war

    • Who led the successful overthrow of the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty in China?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was China's expectation after supporting the Allies in World War I?

    <p>To have the territories seized by Germany returned to them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of foreign domination on China's economy and political decisions?

    <p>It led to foreign control over much of China's economy and political decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the goal of the Bolshevik Party led by Vladimir Lenin during the October Revolution?

    <p>To overthrow the Duma's provisional government and create a Soviet government ruled by workers, peasants, and soldiers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which faction in the Russian Civil War represented supporters of democratic socialism?

    <p>The White Army</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the ideas of German philosopher Karl Marx influence the Russian Revolution?

    <p>Marx's ideas on capitalism prompted changes in Russian politics and economy towards communism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Russian Civil War?

    <p>The Red Army led by the Bolsheviks claimed victory and established the Soviet Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When were the Romanov family executed by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War?

    <p>1918</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the provisional government that the Bolsheviks overthrew during the October Revolution?

    <p>To maintain the capitalist system and bourgeois class in Russia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Marxist revolutionaries in Russia?

    <p>To overthrow the czars and establish a dictatorship of the proletariat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which slogan did Vladimir Lenin use to attract support for the revolution?

    <p>Peace, Land, and Bread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason Lenin introduced the New Economic Policy (NEP)?

    <p>To revive the devastated Russian economy after the revolutions and war</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a part of Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP)?

    <p>Privatizing all major industries and financial institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Marxist revolutionaries view nationalism?

    <p>As a threat to unity and party loyalty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups was considered more radical and willing to take extreme measures for the revolution?

    <p>The Bolsheviks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original goal of the Bolsheviks before it transformed into the Communist Party?

    <p>Dictatorship of the proletariat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change did the Bolsheviks make to their party name as they began their quest for political transformation?

    <p>Renamed to Communist Party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of renaming Russia to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1922?

    <p>To pay tribute to the councils that aided the Bolshevik Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What title did Joseph Stalin hold after Lenin's death?

    <p>Leader of the Communist Party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Stalin consolidate his power during his reign?

    <p>By executing those who threatened his power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What policy led to an Agricultural Revolution in Stalin's era, causing farmers to give their lands to the state?

    <p>'Collectivization' Campaign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary method promoted by the Indian nationalist movement to protest against British rule?

    <p>Civil disobedience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Indian nationalist movement's efforts?

    <p>Great Britain granted limited self-rule to India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Mustafa Kemal contribute to the nationalist movement in Turkey?

    <p>He led a military campaign against the Greeks and British</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reforms did Mustafa Kemal implement in Turkey after it became a republic?

    <p>He respected religious differences and adopted some European practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Persian people respond to Great Britain's attempt to control Persia after World War I?

    <p>They developed a strong sense of nationalism and defended their country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Reza Shah Pahlavi take to modernize Iran (formerly known as Persia)?

    <p>He changed the country's name from Persia to Iran</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Russian Revolution and Economy

    • Stalin's Five-Year Plans included women's involvement in the economy, recognizing their vital role.
    • Women were encouraged to study and take math and science related courses.
    • By 1950, 75% of Soviet doctors were women.
    • Motherhood became an important duty, as women were expected to provide future generations of valuable citizens.

    Effect of Nationalism: China

    • Foreign trade led to foreign domination and control of China's economy and political decisions.
    • Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) and the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) overthrew the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty.
    • China supported the Allies in World War I, but the Treaty of Versailles did not return seized territories to China, instead giving them to Japan.

    Effect of Nationalism: Russian Revolutions

    • The October Revolution (1917) was a nearly bloodless coup led by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik Party against the provisional government.
    • Lenin called for a Soviet government ruled directly by councils of soldiers, peasants, and workers.
    • The Russian Civil War (1917-1923) ended with Lenin's Red Army claiming victory and establishing the Soviet Union.

    Historical Figures Relating to the Russian Revolution

    • Karl Marx: German philosopher whose ideas influenced revolutionary leaders to seek reforms.
    • Vladimir Lenin: Leader of the Bolsheviks, who advocated for "Peace, Land, and Bread" and later crafted the New Economic Policy (NEP) to stabilize the economy.
    • Lenin's NEP allowed peasants to engage in small-scale businesses, encouraged foreign investments, and maintained government control over major industries.
    • Lenin renamed Russia to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1922 and renamed the Bolshevik Party to the Communist Party.

    Historical Figures Relating to the Russian Revolution (continued)

    • Joseph Stalin: Rose to power after Lenin's death, became a dictator, and exercised power through terror, not constitutional principles.
    • Stalin's campaign, the "Great Purge," led to the execution of those who threatened his power, including his comrades.
    • Stalin's Agricultural Revolution forced farmers to give their lands to the state.

    Effect of Nationalism: Turkey

    • After World War I, the Ottoman Empire lost its territories except Turkey, which was threatened by Greek colonization.
    • Mustafa Kemal ignited nationalistic feelings among the Turkish people, leading to their defeat of the Greeks and British.
    • Turkey became a republic, the first in Southwest Asia, under Kemal's leadership, who respected religious differences, adopted European practices, and spurred economic growth.

    Effect of Nationalism: Persia (Iran)

    • After World War I, Great Britain tried to control Persia, but the people developed a strong sense of nationalism and defended their country.
    • Reza Shah Pahlavi modernized the country, changing its name from Persia to Iran, and implemented industrialization programs.

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    Description

    Learn about the October Revolution of 1917 in Russia, led by leftist revolutionaries under Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin. Explore the transition from the provisional government to a Soviet government ruled by councils of soldiers, peasants, and workers.

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