DM part 1

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What happens if there is a nutrition deficiency during pregnancy?

Increased sympathetic tone in the baby (correct)

Increased dopamine surge in the baby

Enhanced appetite center in the baby

Decreased stress hormones in the baby

How can certain bacteria in the gut affect food absorption?

Enhance GLT-1 secretion

Stimulate appetite center

Increase L cells production

Alter GLT-1 secretion (correct)

Which factor may damage the β-cells or their mitochondria?

Nutrition deficiency during pregnancy

Genes inherited from parents

Increased dopamine surge

Presence of reactive oxygen species (correct)

What is the role of kidneys in normal sugar metabolism?

Filter and reabsorb sugar only during fasting state Signup and view all the answers

What causes diabetes according to the text?

Genes inherited and switched on Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for medications used for diabetes?

Egregious 11 considerations Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between pancreatic beta cell function and pancreatic mass?

Increased pancreatic mass leads to increased beta cell function. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defects is NOT part of the 'Egregious Eleven' related to Diabetes?

Pancreatic alpha cells Signup and view all the answers

How does a destroyed safety center in the brain impact beta cell function?

It enhances beta cell function by increasing insulin production. Signup and view all the answers

Which body organ is NOT mentioned as a site of gene manifestation in diabetic presentations?

Heart Signup and view all the answers

What role do pro-diabetic genes play in the development of diabetes?

They need to be switched on to manifest diabetes later in life. Signup and view all the answers

How does the size of the pancreatic mass affect insulin production?

Larger mass leads to more insulin production. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of complications in diabetes according to the text?

Excess fuel leading to release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a pathway activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetes?

Acid reflux Signup and view all the answers

What physiological manifestations can result from gene transcription favoring cell hypertrophy and apoptosis in diabetes?

Coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, retinopathy, and kidney impairment Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is NOT a medication class mentioned in the text for diabetes management?

Lactate/pyruvate inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the pathways activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) mentioned in the text that can lead to inflammation in diabetes?

Hexosamine flux Signup and view all the answers

Which type of modulation is NOT mentioned in the text as a result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation in diabetes?

MicroRNA degradation Signup and view all the answers

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