DM part 1
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Questions and Answers

What happens if there is a nutrition deficiency during pregnancy?

  • Increased sympathetic tone in the baby (correct)
  • Increased dopamine surge in the baby
  • Enhanced appetite center in the baby
  • Decreased stress hormones in the baby

How can certain bacteria in the gut affect food absorption?

  • Enhance GLT-1 secretion
  • Stimulate appetite center
  • Increase L cells production
  • Alter GLT-1 secretion (correct)

Which factor may damage the β-cells or their mitochondria?

  • Nutrition deficiency during pregnancy
  • Genes inherited from parents
  • Increased dopamine surge
  • Presence of reactive oxygen species (correct)

What is the role of kidneys in normal sugar metabolism?

<p>Filter and reabsorb sugar only during fasting state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes diabetes according to the text?

<p>Genes inherited and switched on (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for medications used for diabetes?

<p>Egregious 11 considerations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between pancreatic beta cell function and pancreatic mass?

<p>Increased pancreatic mass leads to increased beta cell function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defects is NOT part of the 'Egregious Eleven' related to Diabetes?

<p>Pancreatic alpha cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a destroyed safety center in the brain impact beta cell function?

<p>It enhances beta cell function by increasing insulin production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which body organ is NOT mentioned as a site of gene manifestation in diabetic presentations?

<p>Heart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do pro-diabetic genes play in the development of diabetes?

<p>They need to be switched on to manifest diabetes later in life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the size of the pancreatic mass affect insulin production?

<p>Larger mass leads to more insulin production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of complications in diabetes according to the text?

<p>Excess fuel leading to release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a pathway activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetes?

<p>Acid reflux (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological manifestations can result from gene transcription favoring cell hypertrophy and apoptosis in diabetes?

<p>Coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, retinopathy, and kidney impairment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is NOT a medication class mentioned in the text for diabetes management?

<p>Lactate/pyruvate inhibitors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the pathways activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) mentioned in the text that can lead to inflammation in diabetes?

<p>Hexosamine flux (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of modulation is NOT mentioned in the text as a result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation in diabetes?

<p>MicroRNA degradation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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