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have a principal strengthening agents carefully controlled by the quantities of carbon and manganese.
carbon steel
This steel obtain their higher strengths and other properties by the addition of one or more alloying agent such as columbium, vanadium, chromium, silicon, copper nickle and others. Its yield stress range from low 40 ksi to high 70 ksi and have much greater atmospheric corrosion resistance than carbon steel.
high strength low alloy steel
These steels have alloying agent in excess of those used in carbon steels and they are heat treated by quenching and tampering to obtain strong and tough steels with yield strength in the 80Ksi to 110 ksi. Range.
quenched and tempered alloy steel
________ members are found in bridge and roof trusses , towers , bracing system , and in situations where they are used as tie rods. The circular rod is the simples form of tension member but connecting it to many structure appear to be a little bit difficult.
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refers to the gross cross-sectional area of a member minus any holes, notche, or other indentation.
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state the tension member failure
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When a load tends to squeeze or shortened a member the stress produced are to be compressive stresses and the member is called a _______
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_______ is a short vertical member subjected to compressive loads. _______ is a base or foundation that supports something like a statue or work of art
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_______ is a measurement of tendency of the member to buckle. _________ refers to a load that are exactly centered over a column.
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_____ is the result of uneven cooling of shape after hot rolling. The quicker cooling parts of the sections when solidifies resist further shortening while those parts that are still hot tend to shorten further as they cool.
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Study Notes
High-Strength Steels
- High-strength steels have strictly controlled carbon and manganese quantities, with added alloying agents like columbium, vanadium, chromium, silicon, copper, and nickel for enhanced properties.
- Their yield stress ranges from 40 ksi to 70 ksi, with higher atmospheric corrosion resistance compared to carbon steel.
Alloy Steels
- Alloy steels contain excess alloying agents compared to carbon steels and are heat-treated by quenching and tempering to achieve strong and tough steels with yield strengths between 80 ksi and 110 ksi.
Tension Members
- Tension members, such as circular rods, are used in bridge and roof trusses, towers, bracing systems, and as tie rods.
- The gross cross-sectional area of a member, excluding holes, notches, or indentations, is considered the effective area.
Compression Members
- When a load shortens or squeezes a member, compressive stresses occur, and the member is called a compression member.
- A short vertical member subjected to compressive loads is called a column or pier.
- A base or foundation that supports a statue or work of art is called a pedestal.
Buckling and Loads
- Buckling refers to the tendency of a member to buckle under load.
- An axial load refers to a load that is exactly centered over a column.
Residual Stresses
- Residual stresses result from uneven cooling of shapes after hot rolling, causing certain parts to resist shortening while others continue to shorten as they cool.
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