EE2332 Prelims Reviewer: Power Distribution System in the Philippines

Coal = Fossil-based Power Plants Geothermal = Renewable Energy Power Plants Solar = Renewable Energy Power Plants Natural Gas = Fossil-based Power Plants

Yellow alert state = Contingency reserve is less than the capacity of the Largest Synchronized Generating Unit Red alert state = Contingency reserve is zero; generating deficiency exists Blue alert = Tropical disturbance is expected to make landfall within 24hrs Normal state = Working within normal operating limits of System Frequency; dispatchable reserve

Lighting loads = Lighting Power loads = Motors, pumps Heating loads = Heating, furnaces, welding machines Electronic loads = Consumer service factors

Single phase = Type of electric system DC = Type of electric system Polyphase = Type of electric system Primary network systems = Types of delivery systems

Generation = Initial stage of producing electricity Transmission = Movement of electricity over long distances Distribution = Delivery of electricity to end-users/consumers End-user/Consumer/Consumption = Final stage where electricity is used

Primary Radial systems = Type of delivery system including duplicate and throw over system Loop systems = Type of delivery system with both open and closed loops Individual transformer - single service = Secondary type in the distribution system Continuous secondary main or grid fed by a number of transformers = Secondary type in the distribution system

Peaking operation = More responsive to changes; started up relatively quicker; expensive to operate Intermediate operation = Fill the gap; run more efficiently Baseload operation = Consistent power; continuous, reliable, and efficient power at low cost; run at all times Variable Power Plant operation = Can adapt; decrease and cleaner and more reliable energy

Brownout = Reduced voltage in certain areas Power interruption = Loss of electric power in a specific area Blackout = Total or partial system collapse Transformer = Reduces voltage from primary to secondary line

Energy Balance Table = Accounting table representing a coherent picture of flows of all types of energy Merit order system = Offers are arranged from cheapest to most expensive Total demand requirement determination process = First determined by energy load forecast Decentralized energy trading mechanism description = Promotes competition and cheaper prices

Overhead construction = A method where wires are above ground level supported by poles or towers. Underground construction = A method where wires are laid below ground level, often in tunnels or trenches. Safety feature = A desired feature ensuring proper functioning and protection from hazards. Economical feature = A desired feature focusing on cost efficiency and affordability.