Educational Theorists: Mulcaster & Fenelon

Study Notes

Mulcaster believed that English could be more widely respected and used.
He believed English had the capacity to "utter all arguments" as well as any other language.

Was a French archbishop known for his liberal views on politics and education.
Fenelon's work and ideas influenced French culture significantly.
Was the instructor of Duc de Bourgogne, who was the grandson of King Louis XIV.
Fenelon was elected to the French Academy in 1693 and was later appointed Archbishop of Cambrai in 1695.

**"Treatise on the Education of Girls" ** challenged coercive education methods and advocated for a more considerate approach.
The book contained insights into the psychology of young minds.
"The Adventures of Telemachus" symbolizes the author's political ideology through a story based within Homer's "Odyssey".

A Swiss educator who advocated for the education of poor children.
He believed in teaching methods that strengthened a student's own learning abilities.
Pestalozzi was a proponent of scientific agriculture and established a self-supporting agriculture and handicraft school at Neuhof.

"The Evening Hour of a Hermit" presented the concept of education following nature.
"Lienhard und Gertrud" was the first realistic representation of rural life in German.
"Gertrud ihre Kinder lehrt" was a critique of traditional schooling and offered reform suggestions.
Pestalozzi considered moral education to be the most important part of education.

He strongly believed in the importance of creating a secure environment for students to be successful.
"Anschauung Principle" states that instruction should mimic the natural process of human conceptualization - sensation leading to understanding.

He was a philosopher who sought to define how people can be free while living under the authority of a state.
"The Social Contract" explored the core question of how a state can be legitimate.
"Emile or On Education" detailed Rousseau's philosophy of education, which privileged a natural compared to an artificial education.
"Julie or the New Heloise" explored themes like individual struggle, emotions versus reason, and the inherent goodness of humanity.

Herbart was a German philosopher and founder of pedagogy as a distinct discipline.
Herbart's skills and expertise were in philosophy, psychology, and metaphysics.

Herbart's theory states that humanity's development mirrors the historical development of the human race.

He was a prominent figure in the Oxford Movement and was a key figure in the Catholic revival in England.
"Apologia pro Vita Sua" is a renowned account of his spiritual journey and religious convictions.
"Lectures on the Doctrine of Justification" explored the relationship between justification by faith and good works.
"An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent" explored the rationale behind believing in God, even when limited to human understanding.
"Idea of a University" advocated for liberal education that prioritizes intellectual development over narrow skill development.

A prominent philosopher and educational reformer, Dewey was a strong advocate for a progressive approach.
He believed liberalism is undergoing transformation.
His 'synthetic philosophy' encompassed all scientific phenomena using a framework rooted in evolutionary theory.
Dewey believed that education was synonymous with complete living.

A Brazilian educator who fought for basic education.
He was a champion for those struggling against poverty and illiteracy.
Freire married his fellow teacher, Elza Maia Costa de Oliveira, and they had five children.
Freire dedicated his life to improving the lives of the underprivileged.

**"Pedagogy of the Oppressed" ** outlined a methodology to empower individuals who experience oppression and illiteracy.
"Pedagogy of the Heart" presented a comprehensive set of principles for education and political action.