Educational Research Overview
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Questions and Answers

What has been a common consequence of relying on trial and error or traditional authority in education?

  • Prevention of individual differences
  • Enhanced discipline among students
  • Increased reliance on empirical data
  • Erroneous results in problem-solving (correct)

What changing concept of education is emphasized in the report 'Learning To Be'?

  • Education becomes a lifelong process (correct)
  • Education as an exclusive practice in institutions
  • Education defined by fixed content
  • Education strictly for children and adolescents

Educational research should address which types of educational models?

  • Only formal and institutional models
  • Non-formal and innovative systems (correct)
  • Only methods imposed by authority
  • Traditional and historic educational practices

Which aspect does basic research primarily focus on according to Travers?

<p>Formulation of theory and expanding knowledge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is described as an important role of education in response to rapid changes in society?

<p>To facilitate smooth acceptance of change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best reflects the idea about man's ability to learn?

<p>Man can only fulfill himself through constant learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been highlighted about the nature of education over time?

<p>It must transcend limits imposed by traditional methods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential limitation of basic research in education?

<p>It may not be directly applicable to classroom settings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in formulating a research problem?

<p>Identifying the research problem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is defining the scope of a research problem important?

<p>It focuses the research effort on specific aspects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase is typically used to begin a well-crafted problem statement?

<p>The research problem is... (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic should all good research questions possess?

<p>They should be focused and specific (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of a clearly stated research question is:

<p>How does the immersion method impact first-year students' speaking skills? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should researchers do after identifying a research problem?

<p>Define the scope of the problem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key component of problem formulation?

<p>Conducting a literature review (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential after formulating a research question?

<p>Assessing and refining the question (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of identifying a research problem?

<p>To set the direction and objectives of the study (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an independent variable?

<p>The variable that the researcher manipulates to observe its effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the dependent variable represent in a research study?

<p>The observable effect of changes in the independent variable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT commonly identified as a cause for research problems?

<p>Personal opinions of researchers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of research, what is a variable?

<p>A characteristic that can take on different values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of problem formulation in research?

<p>Clearly articulating the research problem to be addressed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about dependent and independent variables is accurate?

<p>The independent variable is the cause and the dependent variable is the effect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common practical challenge that can lead to research problems?

<p>Technological limitations faced by researchers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the justification in an educational project primarily explain?

<p>The necessity and relevance of the research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT included in the typical justification of an educational project?

<p>Historical context (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the research on shadowing relate to the convenience element?

<p>It addresses the pressing need to enhance speaking skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of investigating the effectiveness of shadowing in language education?

<p>It may lead to new theoretical models for language learning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of operationalization of variables?

<p>Defining and measuring each characteristic of the study. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a theoretical framework provide for a research project?

<p>An organization of central ideas guiding the research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is methodological utility important in research methodology?

<p>It helps in creating assessment tools and guidelines. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are indicators used for in a research study?

<p>To assess performance via measurable units. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does shadowing potentially contribute to applied linguistics?

<p>By enhancing theoretical knowledge through empirical data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do dimensions play in the operationalization of variables?

<p>They help transform abstract concepts into measurable terms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the relationship between conceptual definitions and indicators?

<p>Conceptual definitions inform what a concept means, indicators show how to measure it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary function does a conceptual framework serve for researchers?

<p>To establish focus and guide research direction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using a theoretical/conceptual framework in research?

<p>Providing an exhaustive list of literature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a conceptual framework be presented?

<p>In narrative or schematic forms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is crucial for developing a comprehensive conceptual framework?

<p>A holistic consideration of relevant literature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Thomas's findings, what is one of the major outcomes of establishing a conceptual framework?

<p>It helps in formulating precise research questions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of teacher motivation is NOT mentioned as a factor in the schematic conceptual framework?

<p>Personal challenges faced by teachers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a narrative presentation of a conceptual framework primarily involve?

<p>Describing relationships in plain text (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limitation is mentioned regarding the construction of a conceptual framework?

<p>Without comprehensive literature review, relevant factors cannot be traced (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of including a justification in an educational project?

<p>To explain the necessity of the project (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element in the justification addresses the potential societal benefits of undertaking the research?

<p>Social Relevance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the justification focuses on the research's contribution to existing knowledge?

<p>Theoretical Value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What problem does the research on shadowing aim to address in language education?

<p>Difficulty in developing speaking skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component suggests that the research on shadowing could lead to practical improvements in language teaching methods?

<p>Practical Implications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are considered the primary beneficiaries of the research on improving speaking skills through shadowing?

<p>Students and educators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element of justification emphasizes the importance of developing instruments for language learning?

<p>Methodological Utility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an implication of effective communication skills as outlined in the justification?

<p>They contribute to personal and professional growth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Educational Research Importance

Educational research is crucial for solving problems in education, understanding changing educational needs, and preventing errors based on tradition, ignorance, and bias.

Changing Concept of Education

Education should focus on the individual's growth, self-expression, communication, and questioning the world. Learning is lifelong, encompassing all ages and situations.

Educational Research Scope

Research should encompass formal, non-formal, and innovative educational systems, applying concepts like ecology and cybernetics.

Impact of Scientific Advancements

Rapid scientific and technological changes necessitate improvements to education's curriculum, textbooks, teaching methods, and evaluations.

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Basic Research in Education

Basic educational research aims to expand scientific knowledge, focusing on theory development rather than immediate applications.

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Practical Research Value

Basic research may not have immediate practical applications; however, it forms the basis for solving future issues.

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Empirical Data in Research

Researchers use empirical data to create, develop, and evaluate theories in education.

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Role of Educational Research

Educational research is important for solving problems, adapting to changes in education, and ensuring the future generation's education is not harmed by traditional errors, prejudice etc.

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Research Problem

A problem or gap in knowledge, observation, challenge, theoretical perspective, or real-world issue that needs solving through research.

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Research Problem Causes

Reasons behind the research problem, including gaps in knowledge, observations, practical challenges, theoretical perspectives, and real-world issues.

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Variable

A characteristic, attribute, or factor that can take different values in research and be measured, observed, or manipulated.

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Independent Variable

The variable the researcher manipulates or controls to see its effect on another variable, and serves as the cause in a study.

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Dependent Variable

The variable the researcher measures to assess the effects of changes in the independent variable; it's the effect in a study.

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Problem Statement

A clear and concise description of the research problem, outlining what the study will address.

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Research Objectives

Specific goals of the research; the aims and targets meant to be accomplished during an investigation.

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Research Methodology

The process researchers use to define, solve, or address the research problem.

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Research Problem Identification

Finding a specific issue, question, or concern in a field of study needing investigation.

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Defining Research Scope

Specifying what aspects of the research problem will be addressed and excluded.

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Research Question Example

A focused question about a social or scholarly issue; relevant to the research problem.

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Research Question Importance

Crucial part of any research project; requires careful assessment and refinement.

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Research Question Characteristics

Focused, specific, appropriately complex, and relevant to a social or scholarly issue.

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Problem Formulation Importance

Sets the stage for the entire research process; guides effective study design and conduct.

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Key Components of Problem Formulation

Identification of the research problem, defining the scope, and stating the problem.

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Research Justification

Explains why a research project is needed and valuable. It demonstrates its importance and relevance.

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Convenience (Research Purpose)

Focuses on the immediate need for the research and its relevance to the field of study.

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Social Relevance

Highlights the impact of the research on society and the beneficiaries.

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Practical Implications

Explains how the research findings can be used to solve real-world problems.

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Theoretical Value

Emphasizes the contribution of the research to existing knowledge and theories.

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Methodological Utility

Focuses on the development of new research methods or tools.

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Shadowing for Speaking Skills

A research project investigating the effectiveness of shadowing as a method to improve speaking skills in language learners.

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Language Proficiency Gap

The difference between a language learner's desired speaking proficiency and their current level.

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Shadowing

A language learning technique where learners mimic the pronunciation and intonation of a speaker as closely as possible.

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Operationalization

The process of defining abstract concepts in a research study into concrete, measurable terms.

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Concept/Definition

A clear and precise description of a variable in a research study.

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Dimensions

Sub-categories of a variable that provide specific aspects to measure.

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Indicators

Units of measurement that allow you to assess a variable's performance.

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Theoretical Framework

A structure that uses related concepts to explain a research phenomenon.

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Key Concepts

Important ideas that form the foundation of the theoretical framework.

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Contribution to Knowledge

The potential for a research study to add new information to a particular field.

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Conceptual Framework

A structured plan that outlines your research, showing how different theories and ideas relate to each other, and how they'll be used to answer your research questions.

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Purpose of Conceptual Framework

To clarify your research focus, guide your research questions, design, and literature review, and provide a theoretical basis for your findings.

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Types of Conceptual Frameworks

There are two types: Narrative, which explains relationships using text, and Schematic, which uses diagrams, images, or figures.

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Components of a Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework typically includes variables, theories, and key phrases that connect to your research topic.

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How do you create a Conceptual Framework?

Start with a thorough review of relevant literature, identify key concepts, theories, and variables, and then analyze their relationships to form a clear structure.

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Why is a Framework important?

It provides a clear structure for your research, helps you understand complex concepts, and makes your findings more meaningful and understandable.

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What is a Schematic Framework?

A framework that uses visuals, like charts, diagrams, or models, to visually represent the relationships between variables and theories.

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How do you use a Conceptual Framework in your research?

Refer to your conceptual framework when creating your research design, analyzing your data, and interpreting your findings.

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Study Notes

Educational Research

  • Educational research is a systematic attempt to understand the educational process, improving its efficiency.
  • Different definitions exist, for example, Good defines it as study and investigation in education, Munroe says it aims to find principles and create procedures.
  • Other definitions detail that educational research is a systematic, refined process of thinking, or an activity aimed at developing a science of behaviour within educational situations.
  • It emphasizes developing generalizations, principles, or theories to predict future occurrences, moving beyond specific subjects to infer characteristics of a target population.
  • Educational research relies on verifiable observations.
  • It requires rigorous analysis.
  • It aims to be objective and logical, rigorously testing procedures, data, and conclusions to eliminate bias.
  • Educational research is based on expertise, knowledge of prior research, insight, and imagination.
  • Educational research involves an interdisciplinary approach as it interacts with other fields of study that affect its subject matter.
  • Educational research cannot precisely control events as physical sciences do.
  • Educational research has broad application areas including educational psychology, philosophy, methodology, organization, and child development.

Need and Importance

  • Educational research is essential to develop dependable knowledge to improve effectiveness in education.
  • Education draws from various disciplines like philosophy, history, economics, psychology, and sociology.
  • Research helps establish sound theories based on these influences.
  • Education is considered both a science (with a body of knowledge) and an art, seeking effective methods.
  • Research is essential to improve teaching, curriculum, and evaluation.

Levels of Educational Research

  • Basic/Fundamental Research: Aims to add to or expand existing knowledge, not necessarily producing immediate practical application. It's a science-oriented approach and its main aim is discovery of knowledge irrespective of its social utility.
  • Applied Research: Focuses on solving immediate problems or improving existing practices.
  • Action Research: Concentrates on improving practices or specific situations, not developing broader theories.

Steps in Educational Research

  • Research Problem: Choosing an area of study, defining the scope, involving relevant stakeholders.
  • Hypothesis Formulation: Stating a proposition, based on initial assumptions to be tested.
  • Methods: Deciding on research methods—historical, descriptive, or experimental—and data collection procedures.
  • Data Collection: Gathering data utilizing appropriate tools—tests, questionnaires, observations, etc.
  • Data Analysis and Interpretation: Analyzing the collected data to draw inferences using appropriate quantitative/qualitative methods.
  • Reporting the Results: Clearly communicating findings, procedures, and conclusions in an objective fashion.

Variables

  • A variable is a characteristic, attribute, or factor that can take on different values.
  • Variables are used to examine relationships, effects, and patterns.
  • Independent variables are manipulated to observe their effects, thought of as a cause in a relationship.
  • Dependent variables are measured to observe the effect of changes in an independent variable, thought of as the effect in a relationship.

Research Background

  • Background to a research problem is provided through looking at macro, meso, and micro levels of analysis.
  • Macro level examines global trends and policies.
  • Meso level focuses on institutional and district characteristics.
  • Micro level examines individual experiences within a classroom context.

Research Objectives

  • Research objectives define desired outcomes and guide the research process.
  • General objectives are broader statements of the research topic.
  • Specific objectives are more focused statements that break down general aims into measurable components.

Justification

  • Justification demonstrates the project's importance, relevance, practicality, theoretical benefits and methodologies.
  • Convenient and appropriate subjects; social relevance; impact; methodologies.

Operationalization of Variables

  • Operationalizing variables is crucial—defining variables in observable, measurable aspects.
  • Variables are divided into dimensions, and each dimension is broken down into indicators. Indicators are measurements used to evaluate the dimension/characteristics.

Theoretical Framework

  • The theoretical framework organizes central ideas (concepts) and theories to explain the phenomenon, guiding the direction of the research and connecting it to existing knowledge.
  • Connecting concepts and theories through a narrative approach or a schematic illustration.
  • Legal frameworks provide a context for research.

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Educational Research Methodology PDF

Description

Explore the fundamentals of educational research, including its definitions, processes, and objectives. This quiz delves into the systematic methods used to improve the educational process and emphasizes the importance of objectivity and rigor in analysis. Test your understanding of the key principles and approaches in educational research.

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