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Questions and Answers
What has been a common consequence of relying on trial and error or traditional authority in education?
What has been a common consequence of relying on trial and error or traditional authority in education?
What changing concept of education is emphasized in the report 'Learning To Be'?
What changing concept of education is emphasized in the report 'Learning To Be'?
Educational research should address which types of educational models?
Educational research should address which types of educational models?
Which aspect does basic research primarily focus on according to Travers?
Which aspect does basic research primarily focus on according to Travers?
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What is described as an important role of education in response to rapid changes in society?
What is described as an important role of education in response to rapid changes in society?
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Which of the following statements best reflects the idea about man's ability to learn?
Which of the following statements best reflects the idea about man's ability to learn?
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What has been highlighted about the nature of education over time?
What has been highlighted about the nature of education over time?
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What is one potential limitation of basic research in education?
What is one potential limitation of basic research in education?
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What is the first step in formulating a research problem?
What is the first step in formulating a research problem?
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Why is defining the scope of a research problem important?
Why is defining the scope of a research problem important?
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Which phrase is typically used to begin a well-crafted problem statement?
Which phrase is typically used to begin a well-crafted problem statement?
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What characteristic should all good research questions possess?
What characteristic should all good research questions possess?
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An example of a clearly stated research question is:
An example of a clearly stated research question is:
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What should researchers do after identifying a research problem?
What should researchers do after identifying a research problem?
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Which of the following is NOT a key component of problem formulation?
Which of the following is NOT a key component of problem formulation?
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What is essential after formulating a research question?
What is essential after formulating a research question?
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What is the primary purpose of identifying a research problem?
What is the primary purpose of identifying a research problem?
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Which of the following best describes an independent variable?
Which of the following best describes an independent variable?
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What does the dependent variable represent in a research study?
What does the dependent variable represent in a research study?
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Which factor is NOT commonly identified as a cause for research problems?
Which factor is NOT commonly identified as a cause for research problems?
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In the context of research, what is a variable?
In the context of research, what is a variable?
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What is the process of problem formulation in research?
What is the process of problem formulation in research?
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Which of the following statements about dependent and independent variables is accurate?
Which of the following statements about dependent and independent variables is accurate?
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What is a common practical challenge that can lead to research problems?
What is a common practical challenge that can lead to research problems?
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What does the justification in an educational project primarily explain?
What does the justification in an educational project primarily explain?
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Which element is NOT included in the typical justification of an educational project?
Which element is NOT included in the typical justification of an educational project?
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How does the research on shadowing relate to the convenience element?
How does the research on shadowing relate to the convenience element?
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What is the primary benefit of investigating the effectiveness of shadowing in language education?
What is the primary benefit of investigating the effectiveness of shadowing in language education?
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Which of the following best describes the concept of operationalization of variables?
Which of the following best describes the concept of operationalization of variables?
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What does a theoretical framework provide for a research project?
What does a theoretical framework provide for a research project?
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Why is methodological utility important in research methodology?
Why is methodological utility important in research methodology?
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What are indicators used for in a research study?
What are indicators used for in a research study?
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How does shadowing potentially contribute to applied linguistics?
How does shadowing potentially contribute to applied linguistics?
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What role do dimensions play in the operationalization of variables?
What role do dimensions play in the operationalization of variables?
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Which statement best reflects the relationship between conceptual definitions and indicators?
Which statement best reflects the relationship between conceptual definitions and indicators?
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What primary function does a conceptual framework serve for researchers?
What primary function does a conceptual framework serve for researchers?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using a theoretical/conceptual framework in research?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using a theoretical/conceptual framework in research?
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How can a conceptual framework be presented?
How can a conceptual framework be presented?
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According to the content, what is crucial for developing a comprehensive conceptual framework?
According to the content, what is crucial for developing a comprehensive conceptual framework?
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In Thomas's findings, what is one of the major outcomes of establishing a conceptual framework?
In Thomas's findings, what is one of the major outcomes of establishing a conceptual framework?
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Which aspect of teacher motivation is NOT mentioned as a factor in the schematic conceptual framework?
Which aspect of teacher motivation is NOT mentioned as a factor in the schematic conceptual framework?
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What does a narrative presentation of a conceptual framework primarily involve?
What does a narrative presentation of a conceptual framework primarily involve?
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What limitation is mentioned regarding the construction of a conceptual framework?
What limitation is mentioned regarding the construction of a conceptual framework?
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What is the primary purpose of including a justification in an educational project?
What is the primary purpose of including a justification in an educational project?
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Which element in the justification addresses the potential societal benefits of undertaking the research?
Which element in the justification addresses the potential societal benefits of undertaking the research?
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What aspect of the justification focuses on the research's contribution to existing knowledge?
What aspect of the justification focuses on the research's contribution to existing knowledge?
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What problem does the research on shadowing aim to address in language education?
What problem does the research on shadowing aim to address in language education?
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Which component suggests that the research on shadowing could lead to practical improvements in language teaching methods?
Which component suggests that the research on shadowing could lead to practical improvements in language teaching methods?
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Who are considered the primary beneficiaries of the research on improving speaking skills through shadowing?
Who are considered the primary beneficiaries of the research on improving speaking skills through shadowing?
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Which element of justification emphasizes the importance of developing instruments for language learning?
Which element of justification emphasizes the importance of developing instruments for language learning?
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What is an implication of effective communication skills as outlined in the justification?
What is an implication of effective communication skills as outlined in the justification?
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Study Notes
Educational Research
- Educational research is a systematic attempt to understand the educational process, improving its efficiency.
- Different definitions exist, for example, Good defines it as study and investigation in education, Munroe says it aims to find principles and create procedures.
- Other definitions detail that educational research is a systematic, refined process of thinking, or an activity aimed at developing a science of behaviour within educational situations.
- It emphasizes developing generalizations, principles, or theories to predict future occurrences, moving beyond specific subjects to infer characteristics of a target population.
- Educational research relies on verifiable observations.
- It requires rigorous analysis.
- It aims to be objective and logical, rigorously testing procedures, data, and conclusions to eliminate bias.
- Educational research is based on expertise, knowledge of prior research, insight, and imagination.
- Educational research involves an interdisciplinary approach as it interacts with other fields of study that affect its subject matter.
- Educational research cannot precisely control events as physical sciences do.
- Educational research has broad application areas including educational psychology, philosophy, methodology, organization, and child development.
Need and Importance
- Educational research is essential to develop dependable knowledge to improve effectiveness in education.
- Education draws from various disciplines like philosophy, history, economics, psychology, and sociology.
- Research helps establish sound theories based on these influences.
- Education is considered both a science (with a body of knowledge) and an art, seeking effective methods.
- Research is essential to improve teaching, curriculum, and evaluation.
Levels of Educational Research
- Basic/Fundamental Research: Aims to add to or expand existing knowledge, not necessarily producing immediate practical application. It's a science-oriented approach and its main aim is discovery of knowledge irrespective of its social utility.
- Applied Research: Focuses on solving immediate problems or improving existing practices.
- Action Research: Concentrates on improving practices or specific situations, not developing broader theories.
Steps in Educational Research
- Research Problem: Choosing an area of study, defining the scope, involving relevant stakeholders.
- Hypothesis Formulation: Stating a proposition, based on initial assumptions to be tested.
- Methods: Deciding on research methods—historical, descriptive, or experimental—and data collection procedures.
- Data Collection: Gathering data utilizing appropriate tools—tests, questionnaires, observations, etc.
- Data Analysis and Interpretation: Analyzing the collected data to draw inferences using appropriate quantitative/qualitative methods.
- Reporting the Results: Clearly communicating findings, procedures, and conclusions in an objective fashion.
Variables
- A variable is a characteristic, attribute, or factor that can take on different values.
- Variables are used to examine relationships, effects, and patterns.
- Independent variables are manipulated to observe their effects, thought of as a cause in a relationship.
- Dependent variables are measured to observe the effect of changes in an independent variable, thought of as the effect in a relationship.
Research Background
- Background to a research problem is provided through looking at macro, meso, and micro levels of analysis.
- Macro level examines global trends and policies.
- Meso level focuses on institutional and district characteristics.
- Micro level examines individual experiences within a classroom context.
Research Objectives
- Research objectives define desired outcomes and guide the research process.
- General objectives are broader statements of the research topic.
- Specific objectives are more focused statements that break down general aims into measurable components.
Justification
- Justification demonstrates the project's importance, relevance, practicality, theoretical benefits and methodologies.
- Convenient and appropriate subjects; social relevance; impact; methodologies.
Operationalization of Variables
- Operationalizing variables is crucial—defining variables in observable, measurable aspects.
- Variables are divided into dimensions, and each dimension is broken down into indicators. Indicators are measurements used to evaluate the dimension/characteristics.
Theoretical Framework
- The theoretical framework organizes central ideas (concepts) and theories to explain the phenomenon, guiding the direction of the research and connecting it to existing knowledge.
- Connecting concepts and theories through a narrative approach or a schematic illustration.
Legal Framework
- Legal frameworks provide a context for research.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of educational research, including its definitions, processes, and objectives. This quiz delves into the systematic methods used to improve the educational process and emphasizes the importance of objectivity and rigor in analysis. Test your understanding of the key principles and approaches in educational research.
