Educational Psychology Quiz

Chapter 1: Curriculum and Pedagogy

• Curriculum Definition: Derived from the Latin "curere" meaning "course," the curriculum outlines how educational aims are achieved. Kerr defines it as all learning planned and guided by the school, whether in groups or individually, inside or outside the school.
• Curriculum Characteristics: Includes all learning opportunities, is planned and guided by the school, involves teacher-learner-curriculum interaction, can be planned for individuals or groups, can be implemented inside or outside the school, and encompasses organized and informal activities.
• Syllabus Definition: The syllabus is the content taught, based on curriculum objectives. It concisely describes topics, concepts, and issues in a structured sequence.
• Pedagogy Definition: Pedagogy encompasses the methods and strategies of teaching. It's derived from Ancient Greek, literally meaning "to lead the child."
• Types of Pedagogy: Lecture method, lecture-cum-discussion, teaching-learning materials, activity method, story-telling, blended learning, problem-based learning, and others exist.
• Evaluation Definition: Evaluation is more than just testing; it's interpreting measurements and judging the value of work. Measurement forms the basis for evaluation, which involves testing, sorting, and measuring student capabilities against standards and others' work.
• Project Work Development Steps: Select a topic, define the project's purpose, gather information/record data, acquire materials, organize information/data, record observations.

Chapter 2: Inclusion and Disability

• Inclusion: A philosophy where schools welcome all children, regardless of ability, aiming to provide equal education opportunities.
• Disability: A term encompassing various functional limitations in any population, viewed from the child's perspective, not the environment.
• Handicap: A limitation of opportunities to participate in community life on equal terms, viewed from the environment's perspective, not the child's.
• Mental Retardation: A condition of arrested or incomplete mind development, characterized by sub-normal intelligence.
• Locomotor Disability: Disability of bones, joints, or muscles, significantly restricting limb movement, or any form of cerebral palsy.
• Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD): Difficulties in receiving, recognising, encoding, classifying, analyzing, synthesizing, or storing information.
• Multiple Disabilities: More than one type of disability in one individual (e.g., blindness and retardation).
• Gifted Individuals: High-performing individuals, highly creative, motivated, and intelligent. Traits include high task commitment, above-average general ability, and high creativity.

Chapter 3: Visual and Performing Arts

• Visual Arts: Art forms creating visual images, including sketching, drawing, painting, and photography.
• Plastic Arts: Visual arts using moldable materials to create three-dimensional objects (e.g., sculpture, architecture).
• Visual vs. Performing Arts: Visual arts express feelings, emotions, opinions, and tastes through visual mediums, while performing arts use performance (e.g., theatre, music, public speaking).
• Aims of Education (in context of Arts): Develop hidden potential, promote all-round personality development, provide a medium for self-expression, foster social responsibility, and encourage appreciation and preservation of cultural heritage.

Chapter 4: Educational Technology & Methods

• M-Learning (Mobile Learning): Learning across locations leveraging portable technology. Distinct from e-learning, focusing on context.
• Blended Learning: Combining classroom instruction with online resources for follow-up activities.
• Project-Based Learning (PBL): Using classroom projects with technology and inquiry to engage students in relevant issues.
• E-Learning (Electronic Learning): Learning where instructor and student are separated by space or time, bridged by online technology.
• Inquiry-Based Learning: Learning centered around student-generated questions.
• Problem-Based Learning (PBL): Student-centered instruction where students collaborate to solve problems and reflect on experiences.
• Distance Education: Focuses on pedagogy, technology, and instructional systems for delivery to students not physically present.
• Educational Technology Characteristics: Modern, dynamic, science-based, encourages controlled learning environment.
• Educational Technology Definition (by B.P. Lulla): Application of scientific methods to education.
• Instructional Design: Arranging media and content to effectively transfer knowledge for learners and educators. Based on cognitive and behavioral psychology.
• Learning Definition: Acquisition and development of memories and behaviors (skills, knowledge, understanding, values).

Chapter 5: Individual Differences

• Cognitive Styles: Modes of perception, memory, thinking, problem-solving, decision-making, and information processing abilities.
• Metacognitive Ability: An individual's ability to learn.
• Aptitude: One's ability to perform certain types of work.
• Causes of Individual Differences: Heredity and environment.

Chapter 6: Intelligence and Emotional Quotient

• Intelligence (Gardner): Ability to solve problems or create products valued within cultural contexts.
• Thurstone's PMA Factors: Verbal comprehension, fluency, inductive reasoning, spatial visualization, number facility, memory, perceptual speed, problem-solving, and deductive reasoning.
• Flynn Effect: Increase in average IQ scores over time due to various factors.
• Emotional Quotient (EQ): Ability to understand, use, and manage emotions to handle stress, communicate effectively, empathize, overcome challenges, and resolve conflict.

Chapter 7: Personality

• Personality Definition: Derived from the Latin "persona" (mask), personality represents how others perceive an individual.
• Personality Definitions (from various perspectives): Guilford (unique pattern of traits), Allport (dynamic organization), etc.
• Fundamental Characteristics of Personality: Unique, unified, dynamic (not static), what one is.
• Factors Determining Personality: Biological, nature, traits, unconscious mechanisms, learning, cognitive processes, social/cultural, and personal factors (including physical structure, intelligence, motivation).
• Freudian Slip: The error in speech due to constant struggle between the id, ego, and superego.
• Allport's Personality Traits: Cardinal (most pervasive), central (less pervasive), secondary (specific, attitude-based).

Chapter 8: Attention

• Attention Definitions: Concentration of mental effort on events or things. Different definitions exist from various perspectives.
• Selective Attention: Ability to select and process information while ignoring other stimuli.
• Cocktail Party Effect: Ability to focus on one conversation among multiple others.
• Attention and Interest Relationship: Attention is a selective mental act, interest can drive attention, a lack of it can hinder engagement.
• Types of Attention: Sensory (objects), intellectual (ideas/representations), immediate (intrinsic interest), derived (interest connected to another stimulus).

Chapter 9: Memory

• Stages of Memory: Encoding (receiving, processing), storage (permanent record), retrieval (calling back information).
• Brain Mapping Tools: CAT scans, MRI, DTI (diffusion tensor MRI).
• Causes of Forgetting: Decay, interference, repression, lack of interest/attention.
• Mnemonics: Techniques for improving memory.
• Metacognition: Thinking about one's own thinking processes.

Chapter 10: Thinking and Reasoning

• Thinking: Concentrating on an issue mentally.
• Thinking Attributes: Concept formation, judging, reasoning, imagining, problem-solving, abstracting.
• Brainstorming Activities: Generating many ideas to solve a problem.
• Lateral Thinking: Approaching a situation from unusual angles.
• Creative Thinking: Generating new, unique ideas.
• Critical Thinking: Evaluating claims, evidence, and conclusions carefully.
• Themed-Based Writing: Writing stories, poems, or articles on specific themes.
• Stimulants of Thinking: Images, concepts, symbols, language.
• Concept Formation: Identifying common properties in a class of objects/ideas.
• Propositions: Sentences relating one concept to another, with independent assertions..
• Decision Making: Choosing among various courses of action.
• Problem Solving: Identifying a problem, exploring possibilities, seeking solutions.

Chapter 11: Logic and Reasoning

• Logic: The science of thinking.
• Reasoning: Validity of arguments, achieving conclusions using reasoning ability.
• Syllogism: A reasoning system with three steps—major premise, minor premise, and conclusion—developed by Aristotle.
• Steps of Reasoning/Critical Thinking: Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.

This quiz covers key concepts in educational psychology including curriculum, pedagogy, metacognition, and evaluation. Test your understanding of different teaching methods and the mental processes involved in learning and decision-making.