Educational Psychology on Values and Goals

The tendency to prioritize personal goals and values over social ones, emphasizing independence and self-reliance. It's like being a lone wolf, taking charge and valuing your own individuality.

The tendency to prioritize group goals and values over individual ones, emphasizing interdependence and social harmony. It's like being part of a hive mind, valuing connection and belonging to a group.

A psychological model that proposes two fundamental orientations in human nature: agency and communion.

The general tendency to value personal well-being, happiness, and pleasure. This includes striving for personal satisfaction, enjoyment, and excitement in life.

The importance of personal growth and development, striving for new experiences and challenging yourself to become better. It involves seeking knowledge, seeking out novel experiences and having stimulating interactions.

The willingness to accept and embrace change and adapt to new situations, being open to new ideas and experiences. It involves challenging the status quo and seeking out new possibilities.

The importance of preserving traditions, customs, and established ways of doing things, emphasizing continuity and following rules. It involves respecting authority, tradition, and stability.

A method of teaching that relies on self-paced, individualized learning using instructional materials presented in a structured and sequential way. It focuses on active learning, immediate feedback, and reinforcement.

Machines designed to deliver programmed instruction. They are interactive devices presenting material in a controlled manner and providing feedback to students.

An educational experiment conducted in Roanoke, Virginia, in the early 1960s to assess the effectiveness of programmed instruction and teaching machines.

An innovative approach to education that emphasizes active participation, collaboration, and hands-on learning.

A method of instruction where material is presented in small steps, each followed by a question or activity to assess understanding. Correct answers move the student forward, incorrect answers provide immediate feedback.

The concept of learning that focuses on observable behaviors and how they are shaped by environmental stimuli. This involves reinforcement and shaping.

A leading figure in the field of behaviorism, known for his work on operant conditioning and promoting the use of programmed instruction.

A psychologist who conducted the Roanoke experiment, investigating the effectiveness of programmed instruction and teaching machines.

A former high school math teacher who wrote the programmed instruction materials for the Roanoke experiment.

A standardized test used to assess student learning outcomes, providing a measure of performance relative to a specific grade level.

The ability for a student to learn a full year's worth of material in a shorter period of time using an effective teaching method.

The process of evaluating how well students retain information over time by retesting them after a period of not using the learned material.

A method where students choose between different options to test their understanding, providing immediate feedback on their selection.

The feeling of enthusiasm or motivation generated by being part of a groundbreaking or innovative project.

A method where concepts are presented in a step-by-step manner, gradually increasing in complexity and difficulty.

The ability to learn independently, with the use of tools like clear instructions, user-friendly interfaces, and immediate feedback.

A book containing instructional materials designed to guide learning in a structured and step-by-step manner.

Focusing on student progress and feedback to help them learn and improve.

Used to rank students based on their overall performance at the end of a unit or course.

A type of goal where individuals prioritize their own improvement and mastery of a skill or subject, regardless of how others perform.

A type of goal where individuals focus on being better than others, often leading to social comparison and competition.

Interventions aimed at shifting educational contexts to encourage mastery goals over performance goals have had limited success, despite the positive intentions.

The theory that people are motivated to achieve goals based on their beliefs about their own capabilities and the value they place on the goals.

The ability to learn and adapt to new situations, including new information, skills, and environments.

A learning approach based on reinforcement, where individuals learn through rewarding desired behaviors.

A method of evaluating and improving interventions by comparing their real-world effectiveness to predictions.

A type of reinforcement that involves social comparisons and the desire to belong to a group.

A measure of how effective a particular intervention is compared to what people initially predict.

A type of intervention that focuses on small, manageable changes in behavior to achieve a larger goal.

A strategy where learners are rewarded for returning after a missed opportunity, rather than being punished for absence.

The ability to perceive and understand different perspectives, ideas, and values.