Educational Assessment Quiz

Traditional Points of View

• Robert Hutchins advocated for permanent studies emphasizing grammar, reading, rhetoric, logic, and mathematics. Learning the three R's (reading, writing, arithmetic) was a key focus.
• Arthur Bestor prioritized intellectual training through grammar, literature, and writing, along with mathematics, science, history, and language.
• Joseph Schwab believed curriculum should be structured around disciplines like science, mathematics, social studies, and English, as well as academic disciplines in college.
• Philip Phoenix proposed a curriculum composed entirely of knowledge from various disciplines.

Progressive Points of View

• John Dewey viewed education as experiential learning, with reflective thinking crucial to testing and applying curricular content.
• Holin Caswell and Kenn Campbell defined curriculum as all experiences children have under teacher guidance.
• Othniel Smith, William Stanley, and Harlan Shore viewed curriculum as potential experiences in schools aimed at developing group thinking and action in children.
• Colin Marsh and George Willis defined curriculum as all planned and enacted classroom experiences, alongside learned experiences by students.

Types of Curricula in Schools

• Recommended curriculum follows policy standards and guidelines.
• Written curriculum includes syllabi, modules, textbooks, instructional guides, and lesson plans.
• Taught curriculum encompasses the implementation of planned curriculum by the teacher and learner.
• Supported curriculum includes supplementary materials like textbooks, movies, museums, and tools (e.g., playgrounds, charts, models, library posters, laboratory) to enhance learning.
• Assessed curriculum includes traditional and alternative assessments to measure learning.
• Learned curriculum examines how learning manifests in changes in behavior (cognitive, affective, psychomotor).

The Teacher as a Curricularist

• A curriculum specialist involved in implementing and evaluating curriculum.
• Knower: Masters the curriculum content.
• Writer: Authors curriculum materials (textbooks, manuals, guides).
• Planner: Creates yearly, monthly, or daily plans.
• Initiator: Implements new curriculum initiatives.
• Innovator: Encourages changes and creativity in curriculum.
• Implementor: Ensures curriculum implementation.
• Evaluator: Assesses curriculum effectiveness.

Approaches to School Curriculum

• Curriculum as a body of knowledge: Includes subjects, disciplines, topics, concepts, theories, and syllabi.
• Curriculum as a process: Teaching methods are means to an end, with no single best method; teaching and learning styles influence effectiveness.

Curriculum as a Product

• Curriculum as a learning process where students acquire knowledge and skills.
• Learning emerges with a student equipped with knowledge and skills and a set of desired outcomes (results from curriculum process).

Curriculum Development Models

• Ralph Tyler's Model focuses on school purposes, related experiences, their organization, and evaluation.
• Hilda Taba's Model includes diagnosing learner needs and expectations, forming objectives, selecting learning content, organizing content, selecting learning experiences, and evaluation methods.
• Galen Saylor and William Alexander's Model emphasizes goals, objectives, domains, design, implementation, and evaluation.

Elements or Components of a Curriculum Design

• Learning Outcomes (Objectives): Statements describing knowledge and skills learners acquire. Categories include cognitive (knowledge), affective (feelings), and psychomotor (skills).
• Content or Subject Matter: Specific topics, examples include Filipino language, math, social studies and others.
• References: Materials supporting learning, like textbooks, modules, publications, and online sources.
• Teaching and Learning Methods: Methods for instruction like cooperative learning, individual work, and competitive activities.

Assessment

• Traditional assessment, authentic/alternative assessment (performance/product, portfolio).
• Methods to measure performance and product output, like checklists, rating scales, and others.

Types of Curriculum Design Models

• Subject-centered design focuses on subject matter.
• Learner-centered design prioritizes learner needs and development.
• Problem–centered design emphasizes learners as problem solvers.

Implementing the Curriculum Daily in the Classroom

• Lesson plans (detailed, semi-detailed, or brief) guide daily teaching and learning.

K-12 Curriculum

• Focuses on enhancing skills and knowledge related to the 4 tracks.
• Includes STEM, HUMSS, ABM, and GAS.

Education 4.0

• Focuses on the 4th industrial revolution, emphasizing technology and automation.
• Requires schools to adapt with changes like machine-executed tasks for greater efficiency and possible student replacement.
• Demands 10 skills: Complex problem solving, critical thinking, creativity, people management, coordinating, emotional intelligence, judgement, service, negotiation, cognitive flexibility.

OBE(Outcome-Based Education)

• OBE highlights outcomes (knowledge, understanding, ability), delivery strategies, and assessment.
• It clarifies the desired results of the curriculum.
• OBE aligns and aligns institutional outcomes to learning areas and courses.

Stakeholders in Curriculum Implementation

• Teachers, curriculum managers, administrators, parents, community members, and the government contribute to curriculum implementation.