Edible History of Humanity Chapter 5 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Who is Herodotus?

Greek writer of the fifth century B.C. known as the 'father of history.'

How were cinnamon sticks obtained according to the method mentioned?

By cutting up dead oxen and using the meat to lure birds, which would then drop the cinnamon.

What was Theophrastus' point of view on collecting cinnamon?

He believed cinnamon grew where it was guarded by deadly snakes, requiring protective gear.

How could spice harvesters drive off snakes according to Herodotus?

<p>By using burning storax to produce clouds of incense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Pliny the Elder think of the tales about spices?

<p>He declared that these tales were invented by Arabs to raise the price of their goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did frankincense come from?

<p>Arabia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the tales have on Arab traders?

<p>They gained wealth and customers were willing to pay large sums for exotic spices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are spices derived from?

<p>Dried saps, gums, resins; barks; roots; seeds; and dried fruits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word 'spice' originate from?

<p>The Latin word 'species', meaning 'type' or 'kind'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Alexandria Tariff?

<p>A Roman document listing items subject to duty, identifying fifty-four kinds of goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What luxury items did the Alexandria Tariff contain?

<p>Cinnamon, cassia, ginger, white pepper, long pepper, cardamom, aloewood, and myrrh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pepper appears on the Alexandria Tariff.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Cookbook of Apicius?

<p>A compilation of 478 Roman recipes that included foreign spices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were spices used in cooking?

<p>To mask the saltiness or taste of rotten meat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

From where were ginger and cinnamon hauled?

<p>From the Nile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How were spices related to embalming?

<p>Spices were used to embalm the dead and prepare them for the afterlife.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did spices influence European exploration?

<p>They prompted uncovering the true origins of exotic herbs and spices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What story is associated with the Indian sailor and Ptolemy III?

<p>He was taken to the Egyptian court but had to learn Greek for communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Historical Perspectives on Spices

  • Herodotus: Fifth-century Greek writer known as the "father of history"; described the process of gathering cassia (a type of cinnamon) which involved wearing an ox-hide suit.
  • Cinnamon Collection Method: Dead oxen chopped and left near bird nests to lure them, allowing harvesters to collect fallen cinnamon.
  • Theophrastus' View: Cinnamon guarded by deadly snakes; safe collection required protective gear and leaving part of the harvest as an offering to the sun.

Tales and Skepticism

  • Herodotus on Flying Snakes: Suggested smoke from burning storax was used by spice harvesters to drive away snakes.
  • Pliny the Elder's Critique: Dismissed tales of spices as fabrications by Arabs to inflate prices, obscuring true origins from European buyers.

Geographic Origins of Spices

  • Cinnamon and Frankincense: Frankincense sourced from Arabia; cinnamon originated from southern India and Sri Lanka; traded across the Indian Ocean.
  • Wealth of Arab Traders: Exotic spice tales increased demand and prices, enhancing the wealth of Arab traders.

Definition and Characteristics of Spices

  • Spice Composition: Includes dried saps, gums, resins, barks, roots, seeds, and dried fruits.
  • Etymology: The Latin word "species" means "type" or "kind," linking to the modern understanding of spices.

Economic Importance of Spices

  • Alexandria Tariff: A Roman fifth-century document listing items subject to import duty, including spices like cinnamon, cassia, and ginger, taxed at 25% at Alexandria port.
  • Roman Use of Spices: Widely used in Roman cuisine, although pepper was notably absent from the Alexandria Tariff.

Culinary and Cultural Uses

  • Apicius Cookbook: Compiled 478 recipes emphasizing the use of foreign spices such as pepper and ginger.
  • Spices' Purpose: Utilized to mask the taste of spoiled meat; also employed in embalming processes to prepare the dead for the afterlife.

Exploration and Knowledge Expansion

  • Influence on Exploration: Spices drove European explorations to discover their origins, including various dried products.
  • The Indian Sailor's Encounter: An Indian sailor's story at the court of King Ptolemy VIII illustrates the cultural exchanges and misunderstandings in ancient trade routes.

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Explore the intriguing insights from Chapter 5 of 'Edible History of Humanity' through these flashcards. Learn about historical figures and methods of gathering spices like cassia, revealing the rich tapestry of human culinary practices. Perfect for history enthusiasts and culinary scholars alike.

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