Edible Films and Coatings Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary characteristic of cellulose as an edible film material?

  • Soluble in water
  • Transparent and tasteless (correct)
  • Low mechanical properties
  • High water vapor resistance
  • Which of the following materials is derived from shellfish and has flexible properties?

  • Collagen
  • Wheat gluten
  • Starch
  • Chitosan (correct)
  • What is a disadvantage of starch when used as an edible film material?

  • Strong moisture barrier properties
  • High water solubility (correct)
  • High barrier to lipids
  • Poor oxygen barrier properties
  • Which bioplastic is primarily made from corn through fermentation processes?

    <p>Polylactic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of films provide good gas and moisture barriers and are derived from natural sources?

    <p>Edible films/coatings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main aims of using bioplastics in packaging?

    <p>To reduce the usage of fossil fuels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bioplastics can biodegrade under the right conditions?

    <p>Polylactic acid (PLA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is NOT typical of polymer film packaging?

    <p>Complete barriers against water and O2 transfer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use for jute sacks in packaging?

    <p>Packaging grains and dried legumes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of packaging provides high mechanical protection during transport?

    <p>Wooden containers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials is commonly used for packaging cereals to ensure moisture barrier?

    <p>High-density polyethylene (HDPE) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic needed in packaging for fatty snack foods?

    <p>Oxygen barrier (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is often used for packaging bakery products to maintain quality?

    <p>Moisture barrier (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of wood is commonly utilized for cheese barrels due to its durability and flavor influence?

    <p>Oak (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are small containers less than 200 mm in diameter referred to?

    <p>Cans or tubes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Edible film

    A thin, edible layer that can be used to cover food and provide protection from the environment.

    Edible coating

    A liquid solution that is applied to food to create a protective layer.

    Polysaccharide-based edible film

    A type of edible film or coating made from polysaccharides, commonly found in plants.

    Bioplastic

    A type of plastic material made from renewable resources, such as plants or microorganisms.

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    Biodegradable material

    A biodegradable material that breaks down naturally in the environment.

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    Cheese Barrels

    Wooden containers, often made from hardwoods like oak, maple, or beech, used for aging cheese. The wood adds subtle flavor and durability to the cheese.

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    Composite Containers

    Composite containers are made of paperboard or fiberboard with metal or plastic ends. They are used to package products such as salt, spices, and frozen fruit juices.

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    Fiberboard Drums

    A specific type of composite container; fiberboard drums are an alternative to sacks or metal drums for packaging products like milk powder and cooking fats.

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    HDPE for Cereal Packaging

    Specific types of plastic polymers, like HDPE, are used in packaging to protect cereal products from moisture gain, maintaining taste and freshness.

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    Barrier Polymers in Snack Foods

    To prevent moisture gain and maintain freshness in snack foods, packaging materials often incorporate barriers like foil, metalized films, or barrier polymers like EVOH or PVDC.

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    What are bioplastics?

    Bioplastics are made from natural or renewable sources and can biodegrade under the right conditions. Examples include polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and polybutylene succinate (PBS).

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    What is a limitation of polymer films in packaging?

    Packaging films made of polymers are not completely impervious to water and oxygen, but they can effectively block microorganisms and dirt.

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    What are laminates in packaging?

    Laminates combine different materials like paper, plastic films, and aluminum foils to create packaging with specific properties such as strength, heat resistance, and barrier protection.

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    What are some examples of cloth materials used for packaging?

    Jute and cotton are natural materials traditionally used for packaging, but they are being replaced by more durable and cost-effective options like paper and plastic bags.

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    What are wooden containers used for in packaging?

    Outer wooden containers, like crates and barrels, are used for products that need extra protection during transport.

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    Study Notes

    Edible Films and Coatings

    • Edible films and coatings are applied to food after creation of the edible solution.
    • The solution is cast, dried, and detached for edible films.
    • Coatings are applied as dips or sprays, then dried.
    • Preparation of edible solutions involves adding components, homogenization, and degassing.

    Materials Used

    • Polysaccharides like cellulose, chitosan, starch, pectin, and alginate are used.
    • Cellulose is commonly used as it's tasteless, odorless, transparent, and has a high oxygen, carbon dioxide, and lipid barrier.

    Barrier Properties of Different Materials

    • Chitosan: Good oxygen barrier and mechanical properties, but low water vapor resistance.
    • Starch: Good oxygen and carbon dioxide barrier, but poor water vapor barrier.
    • Proteins (e.g., collagen, gelatin): Good transparency, mechanical, and barrier properties.
    • Wheat gluten: Transparent, mechanically strong, and insoluble in water.
    • Whey protein: Creates dense, strong films with good oxygen and water vapor barriers.
    • Lipids (e.g., waxes, paraffins): Good gas and moisture barriers.

    Bioplastics/Biodegradable Materials

    • Bioplastics are a type of packaging material made from renewable resources.
    • Examples include polymers from sugarcane, corn, cellulose, or yeast.
    • Polylactic acid (PLA) is a common biobased and biodegradable polymer made from corn starch.
    • PLA packaging for meat showed no significant differences from conventional plastic and modified atmosphere packaging.

    Laminates

    • Polymer films aren't complete barriers to water and O2 but are good barriers to microorganisms and dirt.

    Cloth Materials

    • Jute and cotton cloths have been used for packaging food items (e.g., fruits, vegetables, grains, etc).
    • Paper and plastic bags have largely replaced them.

    Wooden Containers

    • Wooden containers are used for high-mechanical protection during transport.
    • These are in the form of crates, cases, and barrels.

    Composite Containers

    • Composite containers consist of cylindrical bodies made of paperboard/fiberboard and metal/plastic ends.
    • Where a good barrier is needed, coated board or aluminum foil is incorporated.
    • Smaller containers (tubes/cans) are used for items like spices, custard powders, etc.
    • Larger containers (e.g., fiberboard drums) are used as alternatives to paper/plastic sacks/metal drums for products like powdered milk.

    Recommendations for Different Food Products

    • Packaging needs vary with food types.
    • Cereals need moisture resistance. HDPE polymers are commonly used for these. -Snack foods need oxygen barrier, moisture barrier, and light barrier -Meat, poultry, and fish packaging requires a package for oxygen, moisture, odor, and grease barrier. -Shrink bag methods use ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinylidene dichloride (PVDC) and/or PA, which is heat shrunk. -Thermoformed plastic bags using materials like PET are also used to contain meat and produce a tight vacuum.

    Cheeses

    • Cheese packaging depends on type and attribute.
    • Hard cheeses (e.g., Parmesan, Romano, Grana): 20-25% moisture content
    • Semi-hard cheeses (e.g., Edam, Gouda, etc): 40-49% moisture content
    • Rindless cheese can use plastic film to prevent evaporation. PET, LDPE, and PA are typical materials for these cases.

    Packaging Materials - Oxygen Barriers

    • EVOH (ethylene vinyl alcohol) and PVDC (polyvinylidene dichloride) are used when oxygen barrier is required, such as in cheese packaging to prevent mold growth

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    Description

    This quiz explores the concept of edible films and coatings used in food technology. It covers the materials involved, their preparation methods, and the barrier properties of various substances. Test your knowledge on polysaccharides, proteins, and their applications in the food industry.

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