Eczema and Atopic Dermatitis Overview

It refers to inflamed skin.

Exogenous eczema is caused by external factors like irritants, while endogenous eczema originates from internal factors, such as genetic predisposition.

The acute stage of eczema is characterized by erythema, edema, oozing, and papulovesicular eruption.

<p>Genetic factors, impaired epidermal barrier, environmental influences, and immune dysregulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete emollient therapy and education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental allergens, stress, and skin irritation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It mainly affects hairy areas, such as the scalp, face, and intertriginous regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Topical steroids and medicated shampoos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic eczema presents with dryness and thickening (lichenification), while acute eczema shows erythema, edema, oozing, and papulovesicular eruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic factors contribute to atopic dermatitis by causing an impaired epidermal barrier, which is associated with a decrease in Filaggrin protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental factors can trigger or worsen eczema by interacting with the impaired skin barrier and immune dysregulation present in individuals with atopic dermatitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Atopic Triad, which includes eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, emphasizes the interconnectedness of allergic conditions and the need for a comprehensive approach in managing patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seborrheic dermatitis typically presents with greasy, yellowish scales in hairy areas and intertriginous lesions, particularly in the armpits and on the face.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Management of flare-ups includes the use of topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors, combined with complete emollient therapy and allergen avoidance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infantile atopic dermatitis typically occurs in children aged 2 months to 2 years and is characterized by intense itch, redness, and inflammation, often on the face and scalp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immune system in eczema is characterized by a TH1-TH2 imbalance, which contributes to inflammation and allergic responses in the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emollients restore skin barrier function and hydration, which is essential for managing eczema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First generation H1 blockers are preferred because they decrease itching and improve sleep quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The itch-scratch cycle involves itching that leads to scratching, which further irritates the skin and worsens the itch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atopic dermatitis often presents with a genetic predisposition and is associated with other atopic conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Topical steroids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using the weakest effective corticosteroid minimizes potential side effects while controlling eczema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antihistamines help to manage itching associated with eczema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental factors, such as allergens, should be identified and avoided to manage eczema effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allergic contact dermatitis involves an acquired delayed hypersensitivity reaction to allergens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exogenous eczema is triggered by external irritants or allergens, while endogenous eczema is related to internal factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic scratching leads to skin thickening (lichenification) and a persistent habit of itching, resembling obsessive compulsive behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors are commonly used to manage flare-ups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Papules can evolve into round, coin-shaped plaques that coalesce and may become scaly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Candida albicans is a common secondary infection, treated with antifungals and zinc-rich ointments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phototherapy is significant as it helps to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms in chronic cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A key strategy is to maintain skin hydration and apply emollients regularly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Topical corticosteroids and emollients are commonly recommended for managing acute eczema symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atopic dermatitis is more prevalent in infants and young children, often decreasing in older age groups but persisting in some individuals into adulthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strategies include the use of moisturizers, corticosteroids, and antihistamines to alleviate itching, along with education to discourage scratching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eczema pathogenesis involves a dysfunctional skin barrier allowing allergens and irritants to penetrate, combined with an exaggerated immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eczema stages are classified as acute, subacute, and chronic, with acute stages showing erythema and vesicles, while chronic stages exhibit dryness and lichenification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eosinophils are often present in the chronic stages of eczema, indicating ongoing inflammation and an immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allergic contact dermatitis typically presents with well-defined lesions and symptoms that arise after exposure to specific allergens, differing from other types of eczema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barrier dysfunction emphasizes the importance of maintaining skin hydration and integrity through consistent use of emollients to manage eczema effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers