Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?
Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?
Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that results in large changes to a population's gene pool.
Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that results in large changes to a population's gene pool.
False
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?
generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration
The process of _______________ is the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in cells.
The process of _______________ is the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in cells.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following organ systems with their functions:
Match the following organ systems with their functions:
Signup and view all the answers
Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to change its internal environment in response to external changes.
Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to change its internal environment in response to external changes.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation?
What is the term for the study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of evolution that results in the survival and reproduction of individuals with advantageous traits?
What is the primary mechanism of evolution that results in the survival and reproduction of individuals with advantageous traits?
Signup and view all the answers
The _______________ system is responsible for regulating hormones and bodily functions in an organism.
The _______________ system is responsible for regulating hormones and bodily functions in an organism.
Signup and view all the answers
What type of ecosystem is a coral reef?
What type of ecosystem is a coral reef?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Ecosystems
- Definition: A community of living and non-living components interacting with each other in a specific environment
- Components:
- Biotic factors: living organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms)
- Abiotic factors: non-living components (water, air, soil, sunlight)
- Types of ecosystems:
- Terrestrial (land-based): forests, grasslands, deserts
- Freshwater: rivers, lakes, wetlands
- Marine: oceans, coral reefs
- Artificial: agricultural fields, urban areas
- Energy flow:
- Producers (plants, algae): convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis
- Consumers (herbivores, carnivores): obtain energy by consuming other organisms
- Decomposers (microorganisms): break down organic matter into nutrients
Genetics
- Definition: the study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation
- Key concepts:
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): molecule containing genetic information
- Genes: segments of DNA that code for specific traits
- Alleles: different forms of a gene
- Genotype: genetic makeup of an individual
- Phenotype: physical expression of an individual's genotype
- Inheritance patterns:
- Mendelian inheritance: laws of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel
- Dominant and recessive alleles
- Punnett squares: tool for predicting genotype and phenotype probabilities
Evolution
- Definition: the process of change in the characteristics of a species over time
- Mechanisms:
- Natural selection: survival and reproduction of individuals with advantageous traits
- Genetic drift: random changes in gene frequency
- Mutation: changes in DNA sequence
- Gene flow: movement of genes between populations
- Evidence for evolution:
- Fossil record: preserved remains of ancient organisms
- Comparative anatomy: similarities and homologies between species
- Molecular biology: similarities in DNA and protein sequences
- Biogeography: geographic distribution of species
Cell Biology
- Definition: the study of the structure, function, and behavior of cells
- Cell components:
- Cell membrane: permeable membrane surrounding the cell
- Cytoplasm: gel-like substance inside the cell membrane
- Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA)
- Mitochondria: generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic reticulum: involved in protein synthesis and transport
- Cellular processes:
- Cell division: mitosis (somatic cells) and meiosis (gametes)
- Photosynthesis: conversion of light energy into chemical energy
- Cellular respiration: generation of energy from glucose
Physiology
- Definition: the study of the functions and processes that occur within living organisms
- Organ systems:
- Nervous system: control and coordination of body functions
- Circulatory system: transport of oxygen and nutrients to cells
- Respiratory system: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Digestive system: breakdown and absorption of nutrients
- Endocrine system: regulation of hormones and bodily functions
- Homeostasis: maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes
- Feedback mechanisms: negative feedback loops to maintain homeostasis
Ecosystems
- A community of living and non-living components interacting with each other in a specific environment
- Biotic factors include living organisms such as plants, animals, and microorganisms
- Abiotic factors include non-living components like water, air, soil, and sunlight
- Terrestrial ecosystems include forests, grasslands, and deserts
- Freshwater ecosystems include rivers, lakes, and wetlands
- Marine ecosystems include oceans and coral reefs
- Artificial ecosystems include agricultural fields and urban areas
- Producers convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis
- Consumers obtain energy by consuming other organisms
- Decomposers break down organic matter into nutrients
Genetics
- The study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation
- DNA is a molecule containing genetic information
- Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific traits
- Alleles are different forms of a gene
- Genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual
- Phenotype is the physical expression of an individual's genotype
- Mendelian inheritance involves laws of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel
- Dominant and recessive alleles determine the expression of traits
- Punnett squares are used to predict genotype and phenotype probabilities
Evolution
- The process of change in the characteristics of a species over time
- Natural selection involves the survival and reproduction of individuals with advantageous traits
- Genetic drift involves random changes in gene frequency
- Mutation involves changes in DNA sequence
- Gene flow involves the movement of genes between populations
- The fossil record provides evidence of evolution through preserved remains of ancient organisms
- Comparative anatomy reveals similarities and homologies between species
- Molecular biology reveals similarities in DNA and protein sequences
- Biogeography shows the geographic distribution of species
Cell Biology
- The study of the structure, function, and behavior of cells
- The cell membrane is a permeable membrane surrounding the cell
- Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance inside the cell membrane
- The nucleus contains genetic material (DNA)
- Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and transport
- Cell division involves mitosis and meiosis
- Photosynthesis involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy
- Cellular respiration generates energy from glucose
Physiology
- The study of the functions and processes that occur within living organisms
- The nervous system controls and coordinates body functions
- The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to cells
- The respiratory system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide
- The digestive system breaks down and absorbs nutrients
- The endocrine system regulates hormones and bodily functions
- Homeostasis involves the maintenance of a stable internal environment
- Feedback mechanisms involve negative feedback loops to maintain homeostasis
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of ecosystems, including biotic and abiotic factors, types of ecosystems, and energy flow. Learn about the different components that make up an ecosystem and how they interact.
